细菌外膜囊泡在疾病治疗与预防中的应用

Application of bacterial outer membrane vesicles in the treatment and prevention of diseases

细菌外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles,OMVs)是细菌产生的由膜包裹的纳米结构,具有非复制性,影响多种生物过程,包括毒力因子的运输、DNA转移、噬菌体的拦截、抗生素和真核宿主防御因子、细胞解毒、细胞代谢物输出、细胞间通讯等。OMVs具有细菌源性、免疫原性、稳定性以及同源靶向性等优势,这使运用OMVs进行疾病治疗与预防具有较好的应用前景。本文基于OMVs的生物学特性、提取方法、脱毒方法以及疾病治疗与预防等方面进行综述,以期为OMVs的应用提供参考。

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)are membrane-wrapped nanostructures produced by bacteria,which are non-replicative and affect a variety of biological processes,including virulence factor transport,DNA transfer,phage interception,antibiotic and eukaryotic host defense factors,cell detoxification,cell metabolite output,and intercellular communication.OMVs have the advantages of bacterial origin,immunogenicity,stability,homologous targeting and so on,which make the application of OMVs with potential applications in disease treatment.The biological characteristics,extraction methods,detoxification methods,disease treatment and prevention of OMVs were reviewed in order to provide reference for the application of OMVs.