肠道菌群调控免疫和肿瘤免疫治疗

Gut microbiota regulate immunity and cancer immunotherapy

肠道菌群又被称为人体的第二基因组,是能够影响机体各种生理病理过程的复杂微生态系统。研究发现,肠道菌群及其代谢产物与炎症性肠病、结直肠癌、糖尿病、肿瘤等多种疾病的发生发展密切相关。免疫治疗作为肿瘤治疗的新手段已在黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌等多种实体肿瘤患者的临床治疗中取得了良好效果,然而并非所有肿瘤患者均对免疫治疗产生应答。除患者自身的免疫治疗相关标记物表达差异等因素外,肠道菌群也被认为是影响肿瘤免疫治疗效果的重要因素,但具体影响机制目前尚未明确。粪菌移植(fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT)可通过促进患者重建正常肠道菌群进而提高肿瘤免疫治疗效果,因而肠道菌群与肿瘤免疫治疗相结合是当前的研究热点。本文将就肠道菌群及其在肿瘤免疫治疗疗效应用中的相关研究进展进行综述,为通过应用肠道菌群提高肿瘤免疫治疗效果提供新思路和研究方向。

Gut microbiota(GM)is considered as the"second genome"of human beings,which is a complicated microecological system and affects the physiology and pathology of human health.It has been shown that GM and their metabolites are closely related to the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease,colorectal cancer,diabetes,cancer and other diseases.Cancer immunotherapy has developed rapidly in recent years.As a new anti-tumor treatment,immunotherapy has achieved remarkable benefits in the treatments for melanoma,non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and other solid tumors.However,the response of patients to immunotherapy varies a lot.Although there exists difference of the biological marker expression,GM is regarded as an important factor which affects the efficacy of immunotherapy despite the potential mechanisms are mainly unknown.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)could improve immunotherapy for tumor patients through restoring healthy gut microbiota,which is becoming a new focus in both basic and clinical research.Here we reviewed recent progress of the correlation between gut microbiota and the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.Further knowledge in this field helps generating new ideas and directs future research directions for the optimization of tumor immunotherapy.