SARS-CoV-2病毒逃避固有免疫应答的机制研究进展

Research progress in the potential strategies of SARS-CoV-2 evading innate immune surveillance

新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)感染引发的新冠肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情仍在肆虐,为全球的公共健康及社会经济带来巨大威胁。免疫系统在机体抵御病毒感染中发挥着关键作用。其中,固有免疫在抗击新冠病毒侵入中至关重要。但目前学界对SARS-CoV-2诱发的机体固有免疫反应的理解仍有限。本文简要回顾了SARS-CoV-2感染后宿主固有免疫反应的最新研究成果,分析了SARS-CoV-2如何诱导树突状细胞、巨噬细胞及NK的功能障碍,从而破坏机体固有免疫反应,并探讨了SARS-CoV-2逃避固有免疫监视的机制。分析表明,SARS-CoV-2病毒通过多种机制来逃避抗固有免疫应答识别,且固有免疫系统是机体对抗SARS-CoV-2病毒侵入的第一道防线。虽然目前还没有药物治疗人类的新冠病毒感染,但不断加深对感染新冠后宿主固有免疫反应机制的理解,对于防治这种快速传播传染病至关重要。

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has affected millions of people worldwide,and then poses an enormous threat to global public health and economies.The immune system clearly plays the key role in the host defense against the viruses infectious.Innate immune response is essential for immunity to SARS-CoV-2 insult.To date,our understanding of the specific innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is extremely limited.This review briefly summarizes recent studies on the host innate immune response upon infection of SARSCoV-2,such as SARS-CoV-2 infection induced impaired function in macrophages,dendritic cell and NK cells to subvert innate immune responses.It also discusses the potential strategies of SARS-CoV-2 evading innate immune surveillance.These results suggest that innate immune response serves as the first line of antiviral defense to SARS-CoV-2 insult and SARS-CoV-2 have evolved several strategies to escape such innate immune recognition.Currently,there are no approved drugs to cure human COVID-19,but recent advances in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the host innate immune response upon infection by SARS-Co V-2 are crucial to development of approaches for prevention and treatment of the epidemic.