1980年以来5个时期汤逊湖湿地变化及驱动因素分析

Analysis on Change and Driving Factors of Tangxun Lake Wetland in Five Periods since 1980

汤逊湖曾是武汉市最大的原生生态湖,由于拦湖筑汊、开发过度、保护不力等因素影响,出现水体污染、环境恶化、功能退化等突出问题。以1980、1990、2000、2009、2019年五个不同年份和1998、2016、2020年三个洪水期的Landsat遥感影像为数据源,运用遥感影像分割、支持向量机提取方法,分析汤逊湖湿地时空分布特征与驱动因素。结果表明,与1980年相比,2019年人工湿地面积增加4.92 km^(2),湖泊湿地和沼泽湿地面积分别减少4.57、6.02 km^(2);人工湿地面积在洪水期减少,湖泊湿地面积在洪水期增加,1998年是三个洪水期(1998、2016、2020年)对汤逊湖湿地影响最大的年份。汤逊湖湿地变化的主要驱动因素为降雨、人口增长、土地利用变化和工程活动。

Tangxun Lake used to be the largest native ecological lake in Wuhan.Water pollution,environmental deterioration,functional degradation and other problems have emerged due to the influence of branched lakes,excessive development,inadequate protection and other factors.Based on Landsat remote sensing images in 1980,1990,2000,2009,2019 and three flood periods of 1998,2016 and 2020,the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and driving factors of the Tangxun Lake wetland were analyzed by using remote sensing image segmentation and support vector machine extraction.The results showed that compared with 1980,the area of constructed wetland increased by 4.92 km^(2) in 2019;Lake wetland and swamp wetland decreased by 4.57 km^(2) and 6.02 km^(2) respectively.The constructed wetland decreased in flood season,while the lake wetland increased in flood season.1998 was the year with the greatest impact on the Tangxun Lake wetland in three flood periods(1998,2016,2020).Rainfall,population growth,land use change and engineering activities are the main drivers of wetland change in Tangxun Lake.