缅甸经济特区法律制度研究

Research on the Legal System of Myanmar Special Economic Zone

皎漂经济特区是“一带一路”倡议建设实施和中缅经济走廊建设的重要支点之一。为促进贸易与投资的发展,缅甸修订出台了《经济特区法》,在税收政策、投资手续办理、土地使用期限等领域进行制度创新,为缅甸经济特区投资创造了良好的法治环境。但与中国自由贸易试验区相比较,缅甸经济特区法律制度还存在着投资者准入后国民待遇不明确、国有化条款不清晰、土地补偿标准缺失等问题,这为中国投资者在皎漂经济特区的投资带来一定的风险。准确识别、防范与控制这些风险是推动皎漂经济特区项目走深走实的关键环节。面对缅甸政局动荡、民族宗教冲突、COVID-19疫情和域外大国博弈对皎漂经济特区建设带来的阻碍,中国应进一步完善海外利益保护制度,为当地民族宗教问题的解决夯实经济基础,并与缅甸深入开展公共卫生合作,积极构建与相关国家的共同利益与契合点,推动中缅皎漂经济特区合作转向实质建设阶段。

The Kyaukpyu Special Economic Zone(SEZ) is a crucial pivot point for the Belt and Road Initiative and the construction of the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor. In order to promote the development of trade and investment, Myanmar revised and promulgated the Special Economic Zone Law, in which institutional innovation is carried out in the fields of tax policy, handling of investment procedures and land use period, creating a good legal environment for investors. However, compared with China’s pilot free trade zones, the legal system of Myanmar’s SEZs still has some problems, such as unclear national treatment for investors after entry, unclear provisions on nationalization, and lack of land compensation standards, which bring certain risks to Chinese investors. Accurate identification, prevention and control of those risks are the key to promoting the in-depth and practical development of the Kyaukpyu SEZ Project. Facing the investment obstacles of political instability in Myanmar, ethnic religious conflict,COVID-19 pandemic and the great powers’ competition, China shall further improve the overseas interests protection system, consolidate the economic foundation for the solution of Kyaukphyu ethnic and religious conflicts, develop public health cooperation with Myanmar, and actively build the common interests and concordance with other countries,so that the China-Myanmar cooperation in Kyaukpyu SEZ is promoted to the stage of substantive construction.