植物激素调控植物耐涝响应机理研究进展

The role of plant hormone in plant waterlogging tolerance

涝胁迫是严重危害作物生长发育甚至导致死亡的逆境因素之一。淹涝对植物最直接的影响是低氧胁迫以及由此引起的能量供应不足。为缓解氧气匮乏,植物会通过形成通气组织、不定根和节间快速伸长等形态变化以获得维持生长的氧气和能量。植物激素在调控上述生理和形态变化中发挥了重要作用。乙烯是各种生理和形态适应机制变化的首要调控因子;生长素运输和信号转导途径主要调控不定根和通气组织的形成;赤霉素主要调控节间伸长和不定根形成;而脱落酸是调控涝胁迫下节间伸长、不定根形成等适应机制的负向因子。此外,乙烯和其他激素协同调控植物各种形态适应变化。本文综述了乙烯、生长素、赤霉素和脱落酸等植物激素合成、信号转导相关基因调控植物涝胁迫响应的机制,以期为植物耐涝机理的深入解析提供参考。

Waterlogging or flooding have become one kind of the most serious stress for plant growth. Under flooding conditions, the gas diffusion in water decreased 1/10 000 in comparison with air condition.Plants have evolved several adaptive mechanisms to avoid oxygen deficiency under flooded conditions,such as metallic change, aerenchyma formation, adventitious root formation and control of shoot and internode elongation. Ethylene is the first signal to initiate these metabolic and morphological or anatomical response in plants. Auxin mainly regulates AR formation and aerenchyma formation through its transportation and signaling transduction. The involvement of GA in flooding response has been reported mainly in the control of shoot elongation and AR formation. Meanwhile, ABA has always been present and regarded as a negative regulator of the development of morphological adaptations to soil flooding: internode elongation, hyponastic growth or adventitious root emergence in different plant species. On the other hand, the interaction of ethylene and other hormones is especially important for plant response. In the present review, we summarize the recent progress in hormonal regulation of flooding response in plants.