“无阶级感”与大众媒介:霍尔文化马克思主义媒介理论研究

“Classlessness”and Mass Media:A Study of Cultural Marxist Media Theory by Stuart Hall

英国新左派青年霍尔强调对大众媒介和阶级意识的关系问题进行批判研究,据此形成了独具特色的文化马克思主义媒介理论。第二次世界大战后英国“丰裕社会”普遍弥散一种阶级差异消亡的“无阶级感”,霍尔指出,“无阶级感”本质是新型民众资本主义统治下真实存在的虚假意识,而大众媒介对此产生关键的阶级意识重塑效果。通过采用左派利维斯主义文学批评方法,霍尔主张重新发明工人阶级的自觉抵抗意识,由此通向一条密切关注大众媒介与阶级意识内在逻辑的文化研究道路。回顾霍尔早期媒介理论研究,对启示我们恢复马克思主义媒介理论的严肃政治工程属性有启示,同时需对“文化还原论”保持警惕。

As a new leftist in Britain,young Hall formed his media thought in the context of Culture Marxism theory,which was reflected in his critical examination of mass media and class consciousness.After The Second World War,the"affluent society"generally spread"classlessness",Hall points out that its essence is false consciousness of real existence under the new people’s capitalism,and mass media play a key role in shaping the class consciousness.By adopting literary criticism method of leftwing Leavisism,Hall aims at reinventing the active resistance consciousness of working class,thus gradually leading to cultural studies that pay close attention to the internal logic between class consciousness and mass media.Review Hall’s early research on media theory reveals that we must restore the serious political project attribute of Marxist media theory,and keep alert to"cultural reductionism".