安置区空间重构对农户社区融入的影响及其效应

Impact of spatial reconstruction of resettlement areas on farmers’ community integration and its effect

后扶贫时代易地扶贫搬迁安置区农户多维相对贫困治理及其社区融入成为巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的重要难题。基于空间多维贫困理论,通过构建易地扶贫搬迁安置区与农户多维相对贫困耦合的“SEE-MAR”指标体系,分析了二者空间耦合协同对农户社区融入的影响机理,利用2014—2019年乌蒙山区38个县域易地扶贫搬迁安置区评估报告数据,采用熵值法和空间计量模型检验了安置区与农户多维相对贫困空间耦合的作用机制,揭示不同安置区与农户多维相对贫困耦合协同度对农户社区融入的空间效应。研究结果表明:(1)易地扶贫搬迁安置区与农户多维相对贫困的空间耦合协同受到“人-业-地”等系统因素的影响,由于区位条件及资源禀赋的差异,安置区地理空间转变与农户生计空间重塑呈现出“空间分异→空间耦合→空间再造→空间融合”的发展趋势。(2)在空间耦合协同方面,农业产业基地主导型和扶贫车间就业主导型安置区带来的空间耦合协同性较强,尤其以中小型和较大型农户规模安置区耦合协同度较高,表现为中小型安置区>大型安置区>特大型安置区>微型安置区的规律,但安置区与农户多维相对贫困空间耦合协同度却随人均GDP的增长而呈现下降趋势。(3)搬迁农户社区融入的空间效应呈现出一定的空间集聚性和马太效应。空间融合程度越高,同向集聚减弱趋势和负向集聚增强趋势越明显,降低安置区与农户多维相对贫困空间集聚和空间不平等程度能够强化农户社区融入感。为此,易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持需要加强农户生计空间、地理空间、社会空间及文化心理空间的重塑,提升搬迁农户的社区融入感。

In the post-poverty alleviation era,multi-dimensional relative poverty governance and community integration of farmers in relocation and resettlement areas have become serious challenges to consolidating and expanding the key achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively connecting with rural revitalization.Based on the spatial multi-dimensional poverty theory,by constructing the ‘SEE-MAR’index system of multi-dimensional relative poverty coupling between poverty alleviation resettlement areas and farmers,this study analyzed the impact mechanism of their spatial coupling synergy on farmers’ community integration,and used the evaluation report data of 38poverty alleviation resettlement areas in Wumeng Mountain Area from 2014 to 2019.Using the entropy method and spatial econometric model,this study tested the spatial coupling mechanism of multi-dimensional relative poverty between resettlement areas and farmers,and revealed the spatial effect of multi-dimensional relative poverty coupling synergy between different resettlement areas and farmers on farmers’ community integration.The results showed that:(1) The spatial coupling synergy between the poverty alleviation resettlement areas and farmers’ multidimensional relative poverty was affected by systematic factors such as ‘human-industry-land’,and the integration of the geographical spatial transformation of the resettlement areas and the spatial reconstruction of farmers’ livelihood presented the development trend of ‘spatial differentiation→spatial coupling→spatial reconstruction→spatial integration’ due to the differences of location conditions and resource endowments.(2) In terms of spatial coupling and synergy,the agricultural industrial base oriented and poverty alleviation workshop employment oriented resettlement areas brought strong spatial coupling and synergy.In particular,the coupling synergy of small and medium-sized and large-scale farmers’ resettlement areas was high,which was reflected in a pattern that small and medium-sized resettlement areas > large resettlement areas > super large resettlement areas > micro resettlement areas.However,the spatial coupling synergy of multi-dimensional relative poverty between resettlement areas and farmers showed a downward trend with the growth of per capita GDP.(3) The spatial effect of community integration of relocated farmers showed a certain spatial agglomeration and Matthew effect.The higher the degree of spatial integration,the more obvious the weakening trend of CO agglomeration and the strengthening trend of negative agglomeration.Reducing the degree of multi-dimensional relative poverty spatial agglomeration and spatial inequality between resettlement areas and farmers could strengthen farmers’ sense of community integration.Therefore,more follow-up support for relocation should be implemented to strengthen the reconstruction of farmers’ livelihood space,geographical space,social space and cultural and psychological space,and improve the sense of community integration of relocated farmers.