民粹主义与美国进步主义外交的兴起

Populism and the Rise of Progressive Diplomacy in the United States

美国收入不平等的日益加剧,推动民粹主义力量的崛起。以参议员伯尼·桑德斯和伊丽莎白·沃伦为代表的民主党民粹主义者,倡导进步主义外交政策,认为自由国际主义战略对于全球中产阶级来说是失败的,美国应该将消除国内和国际的收入不平等作为外交政策的核心目标。进步主义外交要打破国家安全至上主义,大幅削减军费开支,改变过度依赖军事手段的做法,更加强调外交和对外援助的重要性,主张通过所谓“榜样”的力量而不是武力输出的方式向世界推销民主价值观。虽然进步主义外交对民主党决策圈的影响在扩大,但是,其外交构想缺乏系统性和完备性,对一系列重要外交议题缺少具体而成熟的政策设计,其支持者在许多重要问题上存在严重分歧,而且,其仍然执迷于按照美国的民主模式改造世界,因此,也就无法从根本上避免美国外交的悲剧。

Growing income inequality in the United States has led to the rise of populism.Populists in Democratic Party,represented by Senators Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren,advocate a progressive foreign policy,arguing that liberal internationalist strategies have failed for the global middle class and that the United States should regard eliminating domestic and international income inequality as a central foreign policy goal.Progressive diplomacy seeks to break with national security state by drastically reducing military spending,changing the over-reliance on military means,placing greater emphasis on the importance of diplomacy and foreign aid,and advocating the promotion of democratic values to the world through the democratic“model”rather than force.Although the influence of progressive diplomacy is growing in Democratic Party’s foreign policy-making circles,its diplomatic vision lacks systematization and completeness,lacks concrete and mature policy design on a range of important diplomatic issues,and its supporters are deeply divided on many important issues,and it remains obsessed with transforming the world according to the U.S.democratic model,thus failing to fundamentally avoid the tragedy of U.S.diplomacy.