五角枫种子萌发特性及幼苗建植研究

Study on Seed Germination Characteristics and Seedling Establishment of Acer mono

【目的】确定五角枫种子休眠类型,探索有效解除其休眠的方法,筛选种子的最适萌发温度并评价其抗旱能力,同时探究在不同水分条件下幼苗建植过程,以期为其有性扩繁体系提供理论指导。【方法】以五角枫种子为试验材料,研究种子的生物学特性、休眠萌发特性及幼苗生长特性,用不同清水浸种时间、不同浓度GA;溶液和不同层积天数进行打破休眠处理,设置不同的温度条件及水势条件,以发芽率和发芽指数作为评价指标,采用盆栽称重控水法分析不同田间持水量下幼苗存活和形态特征。【结果】五角枫种子的吸水率随浸种时间增加呈上升趋势,表明种皮透水性良好,不存在吸水障碍;分别采用清水浸种24 h、48 h和100 mg·L^(-1)、300 mg·L^(-1)的GA;溶液浸种均不能解除种子休眠;采用4℃层积40 d处理五角枫种子能促进生理后熟,具有效解除其休眠的作用;破除休眠后的五角枫种子萌发范围广泛,最适萌发温度为恒温20℃;五角枫种子在各水势条件下可正常萌发,对干旱胁迫有一定的忍耐力;五角枫幼苗的生长随着干旱胁迫程度的升高,均受到相应程度的抑制,其幼苗建植最适宜水分条件为达到田间持水量的80%。【结论】本研究提出的以五角枫种子萌发和幼苗培育为主题的有性扩繁技术体系,为进一步扩大其种苗规模化生产奠定了基础。

【Objective】The dormancy type of Acer mono seeds was determined,the method of effectively lifting its dormancy was explored,the optimal germination temperature of the seeds was screened and the drought resistance of the seeds was evaluated,and the seedling establishnment process under different water conditions was explored,to provide theoretical guidance for its sexual expansion system.【Method】Acer mono as the experimental materials,the biological characteristics,dormant germination characteristics and seedling growth characteristics of the seeds were studied,the dormancy treatment was broken with different water immersion time,different concentrations of GA;and different layered days,different temperature conditions and water potential conditions were set,the germination rate and germination index were used as evaluation indicators,and the potted weighing and water control method was used to analyze the survival and morphological characteristics of seedlings under the water holding capacity in different fields.【Result】The water absorption rate of Acer mono seeds increased with the increase of soaking time,indicating that the seed coat had good water permeability and there was no water absorption barrier.The seeds were soaked in 24 h、48 h and 100 mg·L^(-1)、300 mg·L^(-1)GA;,respectively,and the seeds could not be relieved of seed dormancy.The treatment of Acer mono seeds with 4℃stratification for 40 days can promote physiological post-ripening,it has the effect of relieving the dormancy of its seeds.The germination range of Acer mono seeds after breaking the dormancy was wide,and the most suitable germination temperature was 20℃.The seeds of Acer mono can germinate normally under various water potential conditions and have a certain tolerance to drought stress.The growth of Acer mono seedlings is inhibited to a corresponding extent with the increase of drought stress,and the most suitable water conditions for Acer mono seedling establishment were 80%of the soil saturated water content.【Conclusion】The sexual propagation technology system proposed in this study with the theme of seed germination and seedling cultivation of Acer mono has laid a foundation for further expanding the large-scale production of its seedlings.