“孝”与“谏”:《红楼梦》家庭伦理与朋友关系比较研究

"Filial Piety" and "Remonstration":A Comparative Study of Family Ethics and Friend Relationship in A Dream of Red Mansions

《红楼梦》诠释了伦理关系中僵化的“孝”思想所造成的负面影响以及进步的“谏”思想所带来的正面价值:从家庭伦理关系的层面来看,孝道伦理不断强化,谏诤精神逐渐削弱,顺亲至上成为必须遵从的道德要求,单向的打击和绝对的压制造成父辈与子辈双重的人生困境;从朋友关系的层面来看,朋友之间真心相待、勇于责善,这种积极的谏诤精神为传统的伦理关系注入了新鲜血液,使得《红楼梦》中的“朋友”一伦表现出超越等级秩序、平等交流的趋势,这为伦理关系的变革奠定了基础。在家庭关系与朋友关系的对比中,《红楼梦》表达了肯定人性,赞扬人格的独立和解放,否定压抑的、扭曲的三纲五常的价值观,对于当代伦理关系的变革和重建具有建设意义。

A Dream in Red Mansions interprets the negative influence caused by the rigid idea of filial piety and the positive value brought by the progressive idea of remonstration in ethical relations:from the aspect of family ethics,filial piety ethics is strengthened continuously,while the spirit of admonishment is weakened gradually,obedience and kinship supreme becomes the moral requirement that must be followed,so the attack and absolute suppression result in the dilemma for both parents and children in life;from the perspective of friend relations,friends treat each other sincerely and have the courage to exhort others for good.Such positive spirit of exhortation injects fresh blood into traditional ethical relations,making the ethic,"the importance of friends",in A Dream in Red Mansions,show a trend of transcends the hierarchical order and equal communication,which lays a foundation for the reform of ethical relations.In the comparison between family ethics and friend relationship,A Dream in Red Mansions expresses the values of affirming humanity,praising the independence and liberation of personality,and denying the repressed and distorted values of "the three cardinal guiding principles and the five constant virtues",which is of constructive significance to the reform and reconstruction of contemporary ethical relations.