粤港澳大湾区生态系统服务价值时空演变研究

Spatial-Temporal Changes of Ecosystem Service Value in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

粤港澳大湾区是国家发展战略的核心城市群,具有多处国家重点生态功能保护区,因此对其进行生态系统服务价值评估有利于提供区域生态系统科学管理的依据,实现区域内社会经济与生态的高质量可持续发展。基于In VEST模型,选取生境质量、碳储存、水源供给、土壤保持4个指标,分析粤港澳大湾区2005~2018年生态系统服务时空演变特征,并对其进行经济价值叠加制图,最后得出大湾区重要的本地化生态系统服务经验数据及综合价值量,为粤港澳大湾区生态环境政策的制定及国土空间规划提供依据。结果显示:(1)2005~2018年粤港澳大湾区生境质量、碳储存整体呈下降趋势,降速先减缓后加快,土壤保持波动式下降,而水源供给呈“U”型上升趋势。空间分布上,生境质量呈中部向四周辐射降低的环状分布;碳储量呈中部区域—伶仃洋东岸低、四周高;水源供给量呈西北部—东部山地低、北部—西南沿海高;土壤保持呈中部低、南部沿海—北部林地高。(2)2005~2018年粤港澳大湾区生态系统服务综合价值量波动式下降。空间分布上,大湾区生态系统服务综合价值呈中部低、南部沿海—北部林地高。

Ecosystem services are closely linked to human wellbeing.In the last half-century,nearly two-thirds of natural resources have been significantly degraded due to dramatic changes in global climate and excessive human interference,thus threatening intergenerational equity.Therefore,assessing the value of ecosystem services can inform decision-makers and the public about their importance,and promote human wellbeing and the sustainable sound development of the earth by incorporating ecosystem services into the process of ecological management and planning.Evaluation of ecosystem services in China and foreign countries was originally based on Constanza’s value equivalent technique of ecosystem services,and a rough estimate is made by combining this with regional land use patterns.In recent years,as a comprehensive model based on ecological process assessment,the In VEST model has become one of the most extensive and mature models for assessing the quality of ecosystem services.Studies on regional ecosystem services based on the In VEST model often analyze several ecosystem services in the study area one by one,but ignore the trade-offs and synergies of different ecosystem services.This study tried to evaluate the study area with a comprehensive ecosystem service indicator and then develop the study area on the national scale by combining values of different ecosystem services and spatial mapping results.As the core urban agglomeration of China’s development strategy,the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA)has several national key ecological function areas.However,the GBA’s ecological environment survey report showed that its ecosystem service functions were seriously degraded,and the overall ecological situation was not optimistic.As a result,follow-up high-quality development in the GBA should focus on finding a balance between economic development and ecological protection.The ecosystem service evaluation is the basic research and is of great significance.Based on the In VEST model and combined with China’s Guidelines for Delineating Ecological Protection Redlines,four indicators of habitat quality,carbon storage,water yield,and soil retention were selected with consideration for the goal of"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"as well as the guidance of"double evaluation"published by Guangdong Province in 2020.The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of ecosystem services in the GBA from 2005 to 2018 were also analyzed and an economic value superposition map was plotted.Finally,empirical data and comprehensive values of important localized ecosystem services in the GBA were summarized.Results showed that:(1)From 2005 to 2018,habitat quality and carbon storage in the GBA generally descended.The reduction rates decreased at first and then increased.Soil retention was in a fluctuating drop,and water yield showed a U-shaped rising trend.In terms of spatial distribution,habitat quality showed a circular distribution which decreased from the center to the periphery in a radiating manner.Carbon storage was low in the central regioneast coast of Lingding Bay,but high in the peripheral regions.Water yield was low in the northwest-east mountains,but high in the north-southwest coast.Soil retention was low in the central region,but high in the southern coastal-northern woodland.(2)The comprehensive value of ecosystem services in the GBA decreased in a fluctuating manner from 2005 to 2018.With respect to spatial distribution,the comprehensive value of ecosystem services in the GBA was low in the central region but high in the southern coastal-northern woods.Overall,the GBA should focus on protecting areas with high ecosystem service value,such as tidal flats and wetlands along the southern coast and woodlands in the north,strictly enforcing the red line of ecological protection,and reasonably controlling the scale of urban construction.The core urban agglomerations in the central Pearl River Delta(e.g.,Guangzhou,Foshan,and Dongguan)with low ecosystem service value should formulate scientific ecosystem repair strategies,such as increasing green area,improving the quality of green space,and optimizing the landscape patterns to improve regional ecosystem services.These research conclusions are conducive to high-quality coordinated development of economy and ecology in the GBA.