2015—2019年暴力侵害医务人员刑事案件分析

Analysis of Criminal Cases of Violence against Medical Staff from 2015 to 2019

目的探讨暴力侵害医务人员刑事案件的特点,为制定相应的预防措施提供证据。方法利用中国裁判文书网数据,对近5年暴力侵害医务人员的148例刑事案件从医疗机构属性、科室种类、肇事者特点、暴力类型等方面进行分析,并比较患者不同治疗结局与暴力类型的关系。结果案发医疗机构中二级医院和三级医院分别占42.5%和27.1%;乡镇医院和城市医院分别占49.3%和47.3%。涉案科室以急诊科最常见(18.2%)。肇事者以男性(63.5%)、中学文化(27.7%)、农民(38.5%)为主;有精神病史者仅占6.1%,酗酒者占2.0%。暴力类型以辱骂(28.4%)、殴打(43.2%)、推搡(29.1%)、焚烧纸币(35.8%)、悬挂横幅(31.8%)、堵塞通道(37.8%)等常见。不同患者结局组在骚扰、钝器攻击、摆放横幅、堵塞通道等暴力类型差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。54.8%的暴力发生在患者死亡当天。结论针对医务人员的暴力广泛存在。极少数肇事者有精神疾病或酗酒史。患者不同治疗结局所引发的暴力类型不同,病人死亡是暴力触发的一个重要因素。未来的预防措施应着眼于多部门合作,增进医患沟通,完善相关法律,并建立一套完整的医院暴力危机管理制度。

Objective To explore the characteristics of criminal cases of violence against medical personnel,and provide evidence for formulating corresponding preventive measures.Methods Using the data of China Judgment Document Network,we analyzed 148 criminal cases of violence against medical staff in recent 5 years,and compared the relationship between different treatment outcomes and types of violence.Results Among the cases of violence against medical staff,49.3%were in township areas,42.5%in secondary hospitals and 18.2%in emergency department.The main perpetrators were men(63.5%),middle school education(27.7%)and farmers(38.5%).Among the offenders,6.1%had a history of mental illness and 2.0%were alcoholics.The common types of violence were abuse(28.4%),beating(43.2%),pushing(29.1%),burning paper money(35.8%),hanging banners(31.8%),blocking passages(37.8%).Patients with different treatment outcomes had significant differences in the types of violence,such as harassment,blunt attack,display of banners,blocking of passages.54.8%of hospital violence occurred on the day the patient died.Conclusion This research comprehensively summarizes the information of violence against medical staff,which can help to formulate preventive measures.