基于健康信念模式医护人员自我防护行为影响因素分析

The Influence Factors of Self-protective Behavior among Health Care Workers based on the Health Belief Model

目的应用健康信念模式探讨医护人员在诊疗活动过程中医院感染的自我防护行为的影响因素。方法以健康信念模式为理论基础设计问卷,于2020年6—12月采用分层随机抽样的方法,调查某三级甲等医院医护人员360人,采用描述性统计方法分析调查人群的基本情况和自我防护行为状况,使用AMOS 16.0绘制结构方程模型,定量化分析健康信念模式对医院感染自我防护行为的作用大小及方式,并用路径图将最终模型加以呈现。结果获得有效问卷342份,调查对象的职业类别以护士为主,其次是医生,分别占调查总人数的50.6%和39.8%。健康信念模式可解释自我防护行为总变异量的43.6%;医护人员自我防护行为的影响因素从大到小依次为行为障碍认知、自我效能、行为效益认知、严重性认知、易感性认知。结论健康信念模式可有效预测医护人员自我防护行为,且行为障碍认知是影响自我防护行为的最关键因素。

Objective To explore the influence factors of self-protective behavior of nosocomial infection among health care workers based on the health belief model(HBM).Methods The self-protective behavior scale among health care workers was developed theoretically based on the framework of health belief model.Using stratified random sampling method,360 medical staff in a top three hospital were investigated.Descriptive statistics were used to describe the social public's demographic characteristics,and self-protective behavior.Amos 16.0 was used to build the structural equation model predicting the self-protective behavior among health care workers based on HBM.ResultsThe survey received 342 valid questionnaires.The occupational categories of the respondents were mainly nurses,followed by doctors,accounting for 50.6%and 39.8%of the total number of surveys respectively.The results could explained 43.6%of health belief model of self-protective behaviors;Influencing factors of self-protection behavior of health care workers,in descending order,was cognitive behavioral disorders,self-efficacy,effectiveness of cognitive behavior,the severity of cognitive,cognitive susceptibility.Conclusion The health belief model can effectively predict the behavior of the medical staff of self-protection,and cognitive behavioral disorders are the most critical factors affecting the self-protective behavior.