阿富汗政治演变进程中的部落因素解析

An Analysis of Tribal Factors in the Political Evolution of Afghanistan

阿富汗的政治演变与部落社会密不可分。部落缔造出了阿富汗近代首个以普什图族为代表的部落制国家,同时开启了阿富汗民族国家构建的历史。不论是君主制、共和制,还是塔利班时代,均可看到部落体制对阿富汗社会变迁和国家治理产生的影响。部落与不同时期的国家政权相互作用、相互影响,二者常常呈现出此消彼长的态势。虽然长期遭遇战乱,阿富汗的部落至今依然具有不可撼动的地位。本世纪初,阿富汗在内外力量的主导下开启了国家重建和民族和解进程,部落因素仍不可忽视。随着阿富汗局势的演变,受部落影响的塔利班实现了自我变革以及再度崛起,与此同时,部落也留下了深刻的塔利班烙印。历史反复证明族群与部落是阿富汗社会的核心纽带。塔利班再度执政后凝聚民族共识、构建统一和谐稳定的阿富汗仍是一项长期且艰巨的任务。

The political evolution of Afghanistan is inextricably linked to tribal society.The tribes created the first tribal state in Afghanistan during modern times represented by the Pashtuns while commencing the history of nation-state construction in Afghanistan.The influence of the tribal system on social change and state governance in Afghanistan can be displayed in monarchy republicanism and Taliban era.Tribes have been interacting with different regimes in their corresponding periods and impacting on each other as well.The two elements have often been in a reciprocal dynamic.Despite the scourge of war for long periods The Afghan tribes have remained firm to this day.At the beginning of this century Afghanistan started its national reconstruction and reconciliation with the involvement of internal and external forces and the tribal factor still cannot be ignored.As the dynamics in Afghanistan evolved Taliban which has been influenced by tribes transformed themselves and re-emerged in the mean time the tribes has left a deep imprint with Taliban characteristics.History has repeatedly demonstrated that the ethnic groups and tribes are the core bonds of Afghan society.After the return of the Taliban building a national consensus and a unified harmonious and stable Afghanistan will remain a long-term and grueling task.