民国时期江苏省小麦改良事业述论(1914-1937)

Review on the Improvement of Wheat in Jiangsu Province During the Republic of China(1914-1937)

民国时期江苏省的小麦改良事业,大致经历了三个发展阶段:1914年—1924年的肇始阶段,成立了中国最早的小麦改良机构,开展了最早的小麦改良实践;1924年—1931年的初步发展阶段,通过国际合作和地方政府的支持,小麦改良成效初显;1931年—1937年的深入发展阶段,江浙改良委员会的筹建和中央农业实验所的成立,使江苏省在全国小麦改良中的中心地位更加凸显,成为全国小麦改良的核心区和示范区。抗战爆发后,江苏的小麦改良事业虽然受到了严重破坏,但所形成的种质资源、改良经验和人才队伍等宝贵资源随国民政府转移到西南,既促进了战时后方的粮食增产,也为战后乃至新中国成立后小麦改良事业发展奠定了基础。

During the period of the Republic of China,the wheat improvement in Jiangsu Province experienced three development stages:from 1914 to 1924,the earliest wheat improvement organization was established and the earliest wheat improvement practice was carried out;from 1924 to 1931,through international cooperation and local government support,wheat improvement achieved initial results;from 1931 to 1937,the establishment of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Improvement Committee and the Central Agricultural Experimental Institute made Jiangsu province more prominent in the central position in the national wheat improvement,and became the core area and demonstration area of the national wheat improvement.After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese,although the wheat improvement cause in Jiangsu was seriously damaged,the germplasm resources,improvement experience,talent team and other valuable resources were transferred to the southwest with the National Government,which not only promoted the increase of grain output in the rear after the war,but also also helped to lay the foundation for the development of wheat improvement after the war and even after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.