民国政权更迭背景下的“庙会存废”之争(1912-1937)

Study on Controversy of"Temple Fairs’Existence or Abolishment"from the Perspective of the Political Revolution in the Republic of China(1912-1937)

1912—1937年是中国近代史上政权鼎革和思想激荡的特殊时代。由于旧的王朝祀典被顺势废除,庙会空间一方面被视为传统意识形态存续的重要载体和民众精神亟需祛魅的外在表征而招致强烈挞伐,另一方面又作为道德规范和精神寄托的价值场域及拓展经济和愉悦身心之所而根植于民众的日常生活。庙会的二重性的碰撞所激发的价值冲突和利益纠葛,聚焦于北洋时期的禁庙舆论和南京国民政府初期的废庙实践,同时也注定了通过启蒙话语的申斥和政治力量的干预都难以实现对庙会活动的根本取缔。在此困境下,保证传统话语阐释的延续性与政策制定的灵活性,无疑成为国家权力调适庙会存废之争的必然路径考量。

The period from 1912 to 1937 was a special era of political revolution and ideological turbulence in modern Chinese history.As the old dynasty fete ceremonies were abolished,the temple fair was regarded as an important carrier for the survival of traditional ideology and an external representation of the people’s spirit that urgently needed to be disenchanted,which led to strong criticism of the anti-superstition discourse;in addition,it was also rooted in people’s daily life as the value field of ethics and spiritual sustenance,as well as the place both for economic development and physical and mental pleasure.The value conflicts and interest disputes aroused by the duality of temple fairs focused on the public opinion of temples’prohibition during the period of the Beiyang Government and the practice of destroying temples in the early days of the Nanjing National Government.It was doomed that banning temple fair activities at all through the reprimand of enlightenment discourse and the intervention of political forces would be difficult.In this predicament,it undoubtedly became the inevitable path to consider the state power's adjustment to the debate on the existence and abolishment of temple fairs by ensuring the continuity of the discourse interpretation between tradition and modernity and the flexibility of policy formulation.