明清江南地区油菜生产及其多重效益

Rape Production and Its Multiple Benefits in Southern Yangtze River Area During the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期江南地区油菜栽培更为普遍,其方志记载的热点区域位于嘉兴、湖州、杭州及苏州府一带。在以水稻为核心的轮作复种制度中,油菜栽培具有一定的养地作用,其田地整理、育苗移栽、浇灌、施肥等则形成明显的技术特色。与其他春花作物相比,油菜可充蔬、榨油、肥田、作薪柴,农家种油菜可免交租税,出售油菜籽的收益既可应付日常生活开支,又可作为水稻、棉花生产的资本。在明清江南的社会经济条件下,油菜种植的扩展与其综合生产效益较高有密切关系。当今应充分挖掘和利用油菜历史文化资源,继承稻油轮作的生态农业传统,力争实现油菜生产在供蔬榨油、养地肥田以及景观营造方面的多重效益。

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,rape cultivation in Southern Yangtze became more widespread.Its local topography recorded that the hot spots were located at Jiaxing,Huzhou,Hangzhou and Suzhou.In crop rotation and multiple cropping system,which takes rice as the core,rape cultivation has some effect of increasing soil fertility.Its land arrangement,transplant,irrigation and fertilization have apparent technological features.Compared with other crops flowering in spring,rape can be taken as vegetables,used for oil extraction,fertilizing the soil and firewood.Farming families could be exempt from tax through cultivating rape.The profits getting from the sale of rapeseed can not only cover living expense,but also be used as the capital for the production of rice and cotton.Under the social and economic conditions in Southern Yangtze during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the expansion of rape cultivation had great influences on the high profit of its synthesis production.In modern society,we should excavate and utilize rape historical and cultural resources,inherit the ecological agricultural tradition of rice-rape rotation,thus realizing multiple benefits of rape production in the aspects of vegetables,oil extraction,fertilizing the soil and landscape construction.