爱尔兰土地改革(1849-1923):理论与实践

Theory and Practice for Irish Agrarian Reform(1849-1923)

土地问题是经济学的重要研究课题。19世纪爱尔兰土地问题是世界一大热点问题。1846年,爱尔兰爆发马铃薯大饥荒,成为爱尔兰土地改革的导火索。经过70多年的斗争与实践,爱尔兰从投标佃农制社会转变为自耕农制社会。本文首先阐述了约翰·穆勒对爱尔兰土地问题的理论思考及政策建议,然后简要回顾了爱尔兰的土地改革历程,分析改革的阶段特征、主要内容及成效等。研究认为,爱尔兰土地改革是理论与实践相结合的成功范例,并指出当代修正主义经济史学者对改革的发生原因及经济影响提出了一些新见解,引发一场学术争鸣,使学者对现有理论进行反思并使之臻于完善。

The land issue is an important research topic in economics,and the Irish land issue in the 19^(th) century was a major hot issue in the world.The Great Potato Famine broke out in Ireland in 1846,which became the fuse of Irish agrarian reform.After more than 70 years of struggle and practice,Ireland transformed from cottier-tenant system to peasant-proprietary system.This article firstly elaborates John Mill’s theoretical thinking and policy recommendations on the Irish land issue,then briefly reviews the Irish land reform process,and analyzes the stage characteristics,main contents and the reform effects,etc.The final reform was successfully completed amidst twists and turns.The study believes that Irish land reform is a successful example of the combination of theory and practice.At the same time,it emphasizes that contemporary revisionist economic historians have put forward some new insights into the causes and economic effects of reforms,causing academicians to reflect on and perfect existing theories.