“如意”的诗意化进程及其书写策略

The Poetic Process of“Ruyi”and Its Writing Strategy

如意与诗歌的关系密切,如意从搔痒用具发展为魏晋名士的随身执物,是其进入诗歌领域的前提;庾信创造了王戎如意舞这一文学形象,杜甫等诗人引用与如意相关的典故,以此提升了如意的诗意内涵;在清代,出现了多首以“铁如意”为吟咏对象的诗歌,其中明季重臣赵南星的铁如意引起了厉鹗、全祖望等人的吟咏,诗人们既梳理出如意的身世,又以诗的语言感性抒写赵南星的君子傲骨,最后回归诗言志的本质;通过“读物”来看诗,还原物的真实语境,不仅有助于理解诗意,还可以了解清代文人咏“文物”诗的书写策略。

Ruyi has a close relationship with poetry.The development from itching utensils to the per⁃sonal belongings of famous scholars in the Wei and Jin Dynasties is the premise for it to enter the field of poetry.Yu Xin created the literary image of Wang Rong's Ruyi dance.Du Fu and other poets cited Ruyi related allusions to enhance its poetic connotation.In the Qing Dynasty,there were many poems with“iron Ruyi”as the chanting object.Among them,the iron Ruyi of Zhao Nanxing,an important min⁃ister in the Ming Dynasty,caused the chanting of Li E and Quan Zuwang.The poets not only sorted out Ruyi’s life experience,but also expressed Zhao Nanxing’s gentleman pride with poetic language sensi⁃bility,and finally returned to the essence of poetry.Looking at poetry through“reading materials”and restoring the real context of things will not only help to understand poetry,but also understand the writ⁃ing strategies of literati chanting“cultural relics”in the Qing Dynasty.