寒区菌糠堆肥过程中微生物多样性与演替规律

Changes of Microbial Diversity of Mushroom Bran Composting in Cold Region

菌糠与其他农业废弃物理化性质和含有的微生物类型有较大的差异,菌糠堆肥过程中微生物多样性及演替规律也应具有独特的规律。研究采用16S rRNA基因扩增子高通量测序技术对菌糠堆肥的微生物多样性进行分析,同时检测堆肥样品的pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾和种子发芽指数。结果表明,在环境温度-1.7~22.5℃下,在堆肥第2 d进入高温期并持续27 d。经过49 d的好氧堆肥处理后,菌糠腐熟物的pH为8.5;有机质含量为65.3%;种子发芽指数在堆肥结束时达到85.5%,物料完全腐熟;全磷、全钾和全氮的相对含量分别为0.65%、0.34%和1.37%。鞘脂杆菌属、黄杆菌属和德沃斯氏菌属为菌糠堆肥过程中的优势细菌属;真菌类群中,原料中的木耳属(25.39%)、木霉属(30.04%)、粘束孢属(14.29%)和Coniochaeta(16.52%)相对丰度较高,在高温期木耳属(13.96%)和Mycothermus(8.71%)为优势真菌属,鬼伞属和Mycothermus在堆肥中后期占据优势。古菌类群中,检测到甲烷丝菌属,其相对丰度仅为0.01%。在低温环境下,菌糠堆肥物料完全腐熟,各时期细菌多样性差异较大,真菌在高温期和腐熟期的多样性差异较大。

The physicochemical properties and the type of microbial contained in mushroom bran are different from other agricultural wastes.The microbial diversity and succession rules during mushroom bran composting had unique pattern.The microbial diversity was investigated using 16S rRNA genes high-throughput sequencing technique.The physical-chemical properties of the compost samples were also measured such as pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,germination index.At environment temperature -1.7~22.5℃,the results showed that compost entered the high temperature at 2 days,and the high temperature period lasted for 27 days.After the 49 days of composting,the pH of the compost samples was stable at about 8.5.The organic matter content was 65.3%.The total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium were increased to 1.37%,0.65% and 0.34%,respectively.The germination index reached 85.5%,and the material was completely mature.During different periods,Sphingobacterium,Flavobacterium and Devosia were dominant bacteria in mushroom bran composting.In raw materials,the Auricularia(25.39%),Trichoderma(30.04%),Graphium(14.29%),Coniochaeta(16.52%)had the high relative abundance.Trichoderma(13.96%),Mycothermus(8.71%),Myceliophthora(5.44%),Graphium(4.58%)were the dominant fungus genus in the high temperature period.The Coprinus,Mycothermus,and Thermomyces are dominant fungus genus in the later period of composting.The Methanosaeta was detected in the archaea genus,its relative abundance was 0.01%.At low temperature environments,the mushroom bran was completely mature.The bacteria varied greatly in different periods.Fungi varied greatly in raw material and maturity stage.