春玉米农艺性状及养分积累动态对水溶肥管理的响应

Responses of Spring Maize Agronomic Characters and Nutrient Accumulation Dynamics to Water-soluble Fertilizer Management

探索东北半干旱区春玉米的最佳水溶肥管理措施是实现节肥增产的有效途径。试验在覆膜滴灌大田条件下,以‘迪卡159’为试验对象,研究吉林省西部半干旱区春玉米农艺性状及养分积累动态对水溶肥管理的响应。相关性和通径分析表明,产量(Y)与各农艺性状的相关关系由强到弱依次为行粒数(X4)>穗粗(X1)>穗行数(X3)>穗长(X2)>百粒重(X5)。产量与穗行数和行粒数的最优回归方程为Y=-14878.79+465.886X4+855.646X;(R;=0.863,F=18.92)。同时,氮、磷、钾肥均追施4次不仅有利于春玉米穗粗、穗长、穗行数、行粒数和百粒重的增加,还能促进出苗63天后氮、磷、钾养分的积累与分配。在水溶肥用量与施肥方式相同的基础上,分次追施氮、磷、钾肥对春玉米产量的提高至关重要。

Exploring the best water-soluble fertilizer management measures for spring maize in the semi-arid area of northeast China is an effective way to achieve fertilizer saving and yield increasing.The experiment was conducted under film-mulched drip irrigation field condition,with‘DK 159’as the test object,to study the effects of water-soluble fertilizer management on the agronomic characters and nutrient accumulation of spring maize in the semi-arid area of the western part of Jilin Province.Correlation and path analysis show that the correlation between yield(Y)and various agronomic characters,from strong to weak,is the kernel number per row(X_(4))>ear thickness(X_(1))>kernel row number(X_(3))>ear length(X_(2))>100-kernel weight(X_(5)).The optimal regression equation of the yield with kernel row number and kernel number per row is Y=-14878.79+465.886X_(4)+855.646X_(3)(R^(2)=0.863,F=18.92).At the same time,topdressing of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for 4 times is beneficial not only to the increase of the ear thickness,ear length,kernel row number,kernel number per row and 100-kernel weight of spring maize,but also to the accumulation and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium after 63 days of seedling emergence.Therefore,on the basis of the same amount of water-soluble fertilizer and the fertilization method,applying nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in stages is essential to increase the yield of spring maize.