边境城镇的产业演化及其机制研究——以中老边境城镇勐腊为例

Research on the industrial evolution and its mechanism in border towns——Taking Mengla, a China-Laos border town, as the case study

边境地区是我国的安全屏障和对外交流的门户,其产业演化深受地缘政治、国家和区域政策、当地发展条件等多元要素影响,嵌套于多尺度的社会经济发展框架中。在“一带一路”建设的背景下,边境地区的产业演化研究有着重要意义。本文将“一带一路”的重要节点边境城镇——云南省勐腊县作为案例区域,在进行实地调研和深入访谈的基础上,利用演化图谱、相关分析等方法,剖析了勐腊县的典型产业演化过程及多尺度要素作用下的产业结构演化机制。研究表明:勐腊县的橡胶、制糖和旅游三大典型产业均经历了萌芽、快速发展到成熟的过程;勐腊县作为边境县,产业发展大致可以分为起步、集聚和整合三个阶段;产业的演化受到了全球化进程、国家间关系、地缘政治博弈、国家开发政策、区域发展政策等多尺度因素的影响。随着“一带一路”中国—中南半岛经济走廊建设进一步提速,勐腊县获得了边境合作区、国家重点开发开放试验区等众多跨境合作发展新动能,迸发出新的活力。

The border area serves as the security guard and gateway to transnational exchanges. However, China’s border areas are usually ethnic minority domiciled and economically underdeveloped. In the context of "The Belt and Road Initiative", exploring the industrial evolution of border towns from the multi-scalar perspective has theoretical and practical significances. This paper builds upon a multi scalar analysis framework— "global-national-local", taking Mengla-a Chinese town city bordering Laos as a case,and analyzes the typical industry evolution trends and mechanisms of border towns through GIS nuclear density analysis, correlation analysis and other methods. The results show that:(1) the industrial evolution phases of Mengla town can be divided into the stages of initial, cluster and integration. As the typical leading industries,the rubber industry, sugar industry and tourism industry have all experienced the process of initial budding, rapid development and maturity.(2) Factors affecting the evolution of the industrial structure in Mengla include three aspects. As the international scale, it includes the degree of national economic opening up, economic connecting ties between China and ASENA, bilateral relationship between China and Laos, the Laos’ business environment. As the national scale, it is strongly affected by supporting policies. As the local scale, it mainly includes capital investment, infrastructure, economic development, people’s average income, urbanization.(3)The industrial evolution of Mengla has been affected by multiple factors,nested within a multilevel governance structure. In particular, the proposal of "the Belt and Road Initiative" has brought in huge development momentum for Mengla as a border county.