水肥一体化条件下肥料管理对黑塌菜产量品质的影响

Effect of Fertilizer Management on Yield and Quality of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var.rosularis Under the Condition of Water and Fertilizer Integration

为探求水肥一体化滴灌条件下适宜的肥料管理方式,提高苏南地区叶绿菜的产量与品质,以黑塌菜作为试验对象,于2020年通过大棚盆栽试验,以常规撒施复合肥作为对照,研究水溶肥种类、追肥量(450、300、150 kg/hm^(2))对黑塌菜生长、产量及品质的影响。相比于常规撒施,相同追肥量下滴灌水肥一体化提高单叶叶面积12.12%~20.40%,叶绿素含量提高3.55%~4.82%,最大根长增加9.67%,平均根直径无明显差异,增产最高达39.8%。滴灌水肥一体化条件下,随着追肥量的增加,黑塌菜单叶叶面积、最大根长明显提高,叶绿素含量、平均根直径、产量、干物质量与可溶性固形物含量随植株生长进程增加,后期趋于稳定,可滴定酸含量呈现上升趋势,还原糖含量先上升后下降。滴灌水肥一体化条件下,青上水溶肥最适合黑塌菜生长,单叶叶面积、最大根长、产量指标都处于最高水平,分别为66.07 cm^(2)、31.3 mm、475 g/株。滴灌水肥一体化可明显提高水肥利用效率,且植株品质与产量均得到保障,考虑经济、品质、产量等因素,青上水溶肥追施量300 kg/hm^(2)为黑塌菜适宜的肥料管理策略。

To explore the suitable fertilizer management mode under the condition of water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation and to improve the yield and quality of leafy green vegetables in southern Jiangsu,taking conventional application of compound fertilizer as control,a pot experiment was conducted in 2020,and the effects of water-soluble fertilizer type and topdressing amount(450,300,and 150 kg/hm^(2))on the growth,yield and quality of Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis var.rosularis were studied.Compared with the conventional application,water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation under the same topdressing amount increased the leaf area of single leaf by 12.12%-20.40%,the chlorophyll content by 3.55%-4.82%,and the maximum root length by 9.67%.There was no significant difference in the average root diameter,and the yield increase could reach 39.8%.Under water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation,the leaf area of single leaf and the maximum root length of B.campestris ssp.chinensis var.rosularis increased obviously with the increase of topdressing amount,the chlorophyll content,average root diameter,yield,dry matter weight and soluble solid content increased with the growth process,and tended to be stable in the later period,while the content of titratable acid showed an increasing trend,and the content of reducing sugar increased first and then decreased.Under water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation,Qingshang water-soluble fertilizer was the most suitable for the growth of B.campestris ssp.chinensis var.rosularis,the leaf area of single leaf,the maximum root length and the yield index were all at the highest level,which were 66.07 cm^(2),31.3 mm and 475 g/plant,respectively.The water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation could improve water and fertilizer use efficiency obviously,and guarantee plant quality and yield.Considering factors such as cost,quality and yield,applying 300 kg/hm^(2) of water-soluble fertilizer Qingshang as topdressing was a suitable fertilizer management strategy for B.campestris ssp.chinensis var.rosularis.