水库放养和池塘饲养鳙背肌质构特性与营养价值评价

Muscular Quality and Nutritional Value of Bighead Carp(Aristichthys nobilis Richardson)Raised in the Reservoir and Cultured in the Pond

在安徽六安市舒城县万佛湖水库和巢湖刘记渔场各取体质量2500 g的鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)6尾,经100 mg/L间氨基苯甲酸乙酯甲磺酸盐麻醉后,取左右背肌200 g,采用质地多面剖析法测定肌肉质构特性;另取100 g左右背肌,采用A.O.A.C.标准方法分析常规营养成分,利用全自动氨基酸分析仪检测氨基酸组成成分,以及利用气相色谱仪检测脂肪酸组成成分,以此综合比较水库放养和池塘饲养鳙肌肉品质和营养价值的差异。质构特性结果显示,水库放养鳙肌肉的硬度和咀嚼性显著高于池塘饲养鳙。肌肉成分分析显示,水库放养鳙的肌肉粗蛋白含量显著高于池塘饲养鳙(P<0.05);水库放养鳙肌肉中呈味氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸总量及必需氨基酸指数均显著高于池塘饲养鳙。水库放养鳙肌肉中DHA+EPA含量和∑n-3/n-6比值也均显著高于池塘饲养鳙。综上,水库放养鳙肌肉品质和营养价值上优于池塘饲养鳙。本研究结果可为鳙养殖生产销售提供参考数据。

To evaluate the difference in muscle quality and nutritional value of bighead carp between reservoir stocking and pond culture,the texture characteristics of muscle were determined by multifaceted analysis of texture from 200 g left and right back muscles;the conventional nutrients were analyzed using the standard method of A.O.A.C.,the amino acid components were detected by the automatic amino acid analyzer,and the fatty acid components were detected by the gas chromatograph from 200 g left and right back muscles of six bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis)with body weight of 2,500 g collected from Wanfo Lake Reservoir in Shucheng County,Lu'an City,Anhui Province and from Liuji Fishery in Chaohu,anesthetized with 100 mg/L 3-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester methanesulfonate.There were significantly higher hardness and chew ability in dorsal muscle in the bighead carp raised in reservoir than those in the bighead carp cultured in the pond.The bighead carp raised in the reservoir had significantly higher crude protein content in dorsal muscle than the in bighead carp cultured in the pond.Moreover,amino acid analysis showed the contents of delicious amino acid and essential amino acid,and essential amino acid index in dorsal muscle of the bighead carp raised in reservoir were significantly higher than those the DHA+EPA content and the n-3/n-6 ratio in dorsal muscle of the bighead carp raised in reservoir were shown to be significantly higher than those in the fish culture in the pond.The findings indicated that the bighead carp raised in reservoir had better muscular quality and nutritional value than the fish cultured in the pond did,which can provide theoretical reference data for bighead carp culture production and sale.