烟台近海贝类养殖区浮游植物群落研究

Phytoplankton Community in Shellfish Culture Areas of Yantai Offshore,Shandong Province

2018、2019年5—11月海湾扇贝Argopecten irradians养殖期,按照离岸远近在养殖筏架之间设置13个采样站,每月中旬采集表层(2 m)与底层(8 m)浮游植物水样,14个航次调查了烟台近海四个贝类养殖海海域浮游植物的群落组成、Mc-Naughton优势度指数、Shannon-Winner多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和丰度的变化,并对浮游植物群落与环境因子进行相关性分析与典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis,CCA),以探究烟台近海贝类养殖区浮游植物的变化规律。结果表明:共检测出5门111种浮游植物,以硅藻门为主,共78种,甲藻门、金藻门、绿藻门以及隐藻门分别为15种、9种、6种和3种;两年的优势种相似度较高,主要以硅藻门和金藻门为主,仅2019年10月以蓝隐藻(Chroomonas sp.)为绝对优势种;两年间,莱州湾各养殖海域浮游植物丰度变化趋势一致,四十里湾有所差别,2018年总体高于2019年。评价指数表明:烟台近海贝类养殖区浮游植物物种多样性较高,群落结构稳定,适宜贝类养殖。相关性分析显示:影响浮游植物丰度变化的主要因子为总磷。CCA分析显示:浮游植物种类变化的主要因子为温度、COD、DO及氮、磷营养盐含量。

Phytoplankton community composition,Mc-Naughton dominance index,Shannon-Winner diversity index,Pielou evenness index and changes in abundance were investigated in surface(2 m)and bottom(8 m)phytoplankton water samples in 13 sampling stations set up between the rafts according to the offshore distance to collect in the shellfish culture areas of Yantai offshore in a total of 14 voyage surveys from May to November 2018 and 2019(bay scallop Argopecten irradians culture period)in the middle of each month,in order to explore the phytoplankton changes in four shellfish culture areas of Yantai offshore.Then the correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)between phytoplankton community and environmental factors were carried out.A total of 111 species in 5 phyla was found,including 78 species,primary diatoms,in Bacillariophyta,15 species in Dinophyta,9 species in Chrysophyta,6 species in Chlorophyta and 3 species in Cryptophyta.There was high similarity in the two-year dominant species,dominant species of diatoms and chrysophyta,and absolute dominant species Chroomonas sp.only in September 2019.There was the same trend in phytoplankton abundance in all cultured areas of Laizhou Bay,with difference in Sishili Bay,and higher phytoplankton abundance in 2018 than that in 2019.The evaluation index showed that phytoplankton species diversity was high and stable community structure is in the shellfish culture areas of Yantai offshore where was suitable for shellfish culture.Correlation analysis revealed that change in the main factor of phytoplankton abundance was involved in total phosphorus level.CCA analysis showed that changes in the main factors of phytoplankton species were attributed in temperature,and levels of COD,dissolved oxygen(DO),nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients.