精神分析的主体间转向:理论特征与分歧

The Intersubjective Turn in Psychoanalysis:Theoretical Features and Divergences

主体间理论是当代精神分析领域最重要的取向之一。与更传统的精神分析相比,其理论特征表现为从区分“内/外”空间到强调“之间”的空间、从“主体—客体”关系到“主体—主体”关系、从顿悟到行动、从基础主义和实证主义到诠释学和建构主义。尽管存在术语的混乱和观点的分歧,但精神分析的主体间转向几乎遍及各个流派,广泛影响了北美洲、欧洲和拉丁美洲的诸多分析师。未来的主体间理论需要保持开放的态度,持续与先前的理论、临床资料和其他学科领域对话。

Intersubjective theory is one of the most important approaches in contemporary psychoanalysis.Compared with the more traditional psychoanalysis,its theoretical characteristics can be concluded as follows:from a distinction of "inside/outside" space to an emphasis on "in between" space,from the "subject-object" relationship to the "subject-subject" relationship,from insight to action,from foundationalism and positivism to hermeneutics and constructivism.Despite the confusion of terminology and divergence of viewpoints,the intersubjective turn has spread to almost every psychoanalytic schools and widely influenced many analysts in North America,Europe and Latin America.Future intersubjective theory needs to keep open and make a constant dialogue with previous theories,clinical materials,and other disciplinary areas.