情绪效价的记忆增强效应:存储或提取优势?

Memory Enhancement Effect of Emotional Valence:Storage or Retrieval Advantage?

情绪效价和情绪唤醒是描述情绪的两个维度。情绪增强记忆效应表明情绪唤醒事件的记忆往往优于非情绪唤醒事件的记忆,但关于积极情绪记忆和消极情绪记忆哪个在记忆中处于优势仍存在争论。实验以情绪词对和中性词对为实验材料。实验一探讨积极情绪词语或消极情绪词语的记忆优势;实验二探讨积极情绪环境或消极情绪环境中中性词语的记忆优势。在两种实验条件下,积极情绪下的自由回忆都优于消极情绪下的自由回忆;多项加工树的存储—提取模型使用实验自由回忆和线索回忆的结果将记忆的存储和提取优势分离开来,结果表明:积极情绪事件记忆优势发生在存储阶段,而积极情绪环境记忆优势发生在存储和提取阶段;积极情绪事件记忆偏向支持“刺激后编码增强假设”,积极情绪环境记忆偏向支持“唤醒—偏向竞争假设”。

Emotional valence and emotional arousal are two dimensions of emotion.Emotional memory enhancement effect indicates that the memory of emotional arousing events is better than that of non-emotional arousing events.However,there is still a debate on which of the positive emotional memory and the negative emotional memory is in the dominant position.Emotional word pairs and neutral word pairs were used as experimental materials.Experiment 1 explored the memory advantage of positive or negative emotional words;Experiment 2 explored the memory advantage of neutral words in positive or negative emotional environment.Under the two experimental conditions,the free recall under positive emotion was better than that under negative emotion;the storage-retrieval model of multinomial processing tree used the results of experimental free recall and cued recall to separate the advantages of storage and retrieval.The results showed that the positive emotional event memory advantage occurred in the storage stage,while the positive emotional environment memory advantage occurred in the storage and retrieval stage;the positive emotional event memory bias supports the "post-stimulus encoding enhancement hypothesis",while the positive emotional environment memory bias supports the "arousal-biased competition hypothesis".