刑法罪名确定研究

Studies on the Determination of Charges in Criminal Law

刑法罪名确定是刑事立法和刑事司法中的一个重要问题,在域外多数国家和地区,刑法罪名均由立法确定,不仅实行罪刑法定,而且实行罪名法定。中华法系历史悠久,刑法独秀诸法,自古以来对罪名确定即很重视。中华人民共和国成立70多年来,刑法罪名确定先后经历了1979年刑法颁布之前的“无法无据时期”,1979年刑法施行以后到1997年刑法修订之前的“法院自由确定时期”,以及1997年刑法实施之后的“两高统一确定时期”,基本实现了罪名确定的制度化和规范化,形成了中国特色的罪名确定模式。我国现行刑法中的罪名及其数量总体上是适当的,在全面依法治国、完善中国特色社会主义法律体系的时代背景下,还有进一步扩充、规范和完善的空间。

The determination of charges in criminal law is an important issue in criminal legislation and criminal justice.In extraterritorial countries and regions,most of the charges are determined by legislation,and not only the crimes but also the charges are statutory.The Chinese legal system has a long history,the criminal law is unique in various laws,and since ancient times,it has attached great importance to the determination of charges.In the more than 70 years since the founding of People's Republic of China,the determination of charges has successively gone through a"period of inability to be unfounded"before the promulgation of the Criminal Law in 1979,a"period of free determination by the courts"from the implementation of the Criminal Law in 1979 to the eve of revision of the criminal law in 1997,and a"period of unified determination by the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate"after the implementation of the Criminal Law in 1997,which basically realized the institutionalization and standardization of the determination of charges and formed a pattern of determining charges with Chinese characteristics.The charges and their number in China's current criminal law are generally appropriate,and there is still room for further expansion,standardization and improvement in the context of the era of comprehensively implementing the rule of law and improving the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics.