《民法典》第145条评注--限制民事行为能力人实施的法律行为

Comments on Article 145 of the Civil Code--Juristic Acts Performed by the Person with Limited Capacity for Juristic Acts

《民法典》第145条在适用范围上未区分合同与单方法律行为。该条中的“纯获利益”是指只给限制民事行为能力人带来法律上的利益,未使其承受法律上的不利益。中性行为应否比照纯获利益的法律行为,不可一概而论。间歇性精神病人未发病期间属于有民事行为能力人,所实施的民事法律行为应为有效。法定代理人的同意或者追认表示既可以向相对人作出,也可以向限制民事行为能力人作出。限制民事行为能力人取得完全民事行为能力之后应享有追认权。在善意相对人已作出催告的情况下,应排除其撤销权。关于当事人在实施民事法律行为时是否为限制民事行为能力人,应由主张该民事法律行为效力待定的当事人承担证明责任。

Article 145 of the Civil Code does not distinguish between contracts and unilateral juristic acts in the scope of application.The"pure benefit"in this article refers to that the person with limited capacity for juristic acts is only brought legal benefits,without causing him to bear legal disadvantages.Whether the neutral act should be compared with the juristic act of pure benefit cannot be generalized.A person with intermittent mental illness is in capacity for juristic acts when he is in a normal mental state,thus the civil juristic acts performed by such person shall be valid.The expression of consent or ratification of the legal representative may be made to the counterpart or to the person with limited capacity for juristic acts.One with limited capacity for juristic acts shall have the right of ratification after he acquires full capacity for juristic acts.In the case that the bona fide third person has urged the counterpart to confirm the conducts,his right of revocation shall be excluded.The burden of proof shall be on the party who claims that the validity of the juristic act is pendi ng.