SARS-CoV-2免疫逃逸机制的研究进展

Research progress in immune escape mechanism of SARS-CoV-2

尽管针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARSCoV-2)设计研发的疫苗已得到广泛应用,但超过66亿剂次疫苗的接种并不能阻止时下SARS-CoV-2的全球大流行。多种具备免疫逃逸能力的新发毒株逐渐成为当下的流行毒株。明确SARS-CoV-2对宿主先天免疫系统和适应性免疫系统的逃逸机制对于诱导二次免疫应答疫苗的设计和2019冠状病毒病临床治疗药物的筛选具有重大意义。本文将从SARS-CoV-2对宿主固有免疫系统的抑制、对宿主适应性免疫的逃逸、具有免疫逃逸潜力的毒蛋白糖基化现象和抗体依赖性增强作用等多个方面对SARS-CoV-2的逃逸机制进行综述。

Although vaccines designed and developed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) have been widely used,more than 6.6 billion doses of vaccine can not prevent the current global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2.A variety of emerging lineages with immune escape ability are gradually becoming popular lineages.Clarifying the escape mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 to the host innate immune system and specific immune system is of great significance for the design of vaccines for inducing secondary immune responses and the screening of clinical therapeutics for corona virus disease 2019.In this paper,the escape mechanism of SARS-CoV-2,including inhibition of host innate immune system,escape to specific immunity,glycosylation modification of virus-encoded protein with immune escape potential and antibodydependent enhancement effect were reviewed.