温柔“夜曲”:惠斯勒的色彩色调分析

Gentle Nocturne:The Colour and Tone of Whistler

美国画家詹姆斯•阿博特•麦克尼尔•惠斯勒[James Abbott McNeill Whistler,1834-1903]被贡布里希奉为唯美主义运动的领袖,而艺术批评家约翰•拉斯金等人却将惠斯勒贬为江湖骗子。当时,惠斯勒本人对艺术的目的有着截然不同的理解,他的绘画语言并非简单随意的色彩泼洒与堆砌,而是遵循着他本人的艺术信念。本文以画家的艺术理念、绘画技法以及色彩中暗含的音乐性为出发点,辅以历史事实和画家的个人经历来分析惠斯勒“夜曲”系列中形成这种温柔特质的原因。

The American painter James Abbott McNeill Whistler was hailed by Sir E.H.Gombrich as the leader of the Aesthetic movement,While Art critics such as John Ruskin dismissed Whistler as a charlatan,arguing that his“Nocturnes”were too simple and lacked the seriousness of art to have a moralizing effect on society.But at the time,Whistler himself had a very different understanding of the purpose of art,and the language of his paintings was not simply a random splash of color,but adhered to his own artistic credo.This paper takes the artist's own understanding of art,painting technique and the musicality implicit in the colors as a starting point,supplemented by historical facts and the artist's personal experience,to analyze the reasons for this gentle quality in Whistler's Nocturne series.