神舟十二号飞船医疗保障任务期间医疗救护队员身体健康状况调查分析

Investigation and analysis of the health status of medical rescue teammates during the medical rescue support mission of the Shenzhou-12 spacecraft

目的调查医疗救护队员在戈壁沙漠地区遂行医疗保障任务期间疾病发病状况,并探讨其相关影响因素和应对方式,为夏季在戈壁沙漠环境下医疗救护队员健康维护系统建立提供参考依据。方法取2021年5月至6月神舟十二号飞船医疗保障任务期间14名医疗救护队员作为研究对象,对14名队员进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果任务期间每位队员均曾出现过一种或多种疾病情况,主要表现在上呼吸道感染、皮肤疾病、全身肌肉酸痛、五官疾病、消化系统疾病、睡眠障碍,发生率分别为:20.3%、20.3%、18.5%、18.5%、12.9%、9.2%。训练或意外伤主要表现在手部意外伤、足部磨擦水泡、关节滑膜炎复发、关节软组织损伤、头部意外伤,发生率分别为31.2%、25%、75%、18.7%、6.2%;既往有关节滑膜炎者复发率高;既往关节软组织外伤者再损伤发生可能性大。结论在戈壁沙漠地区医疗保障任务期间疾病发生率高,队员们应随时做好自身防护工作,开展有针对性的应对和预防、科学训练,避免非战斗减员。

Objective To investigate the disease incidence of medical rescue teammates during medical security missions in the dry and hot areas of the Gobi Desert,and to explore its related influencing factors and solutions,so as to provide references for the establishment of a health maintenance system for medical rescue teammates in the Gobi Desert in summer.Methods Fourteen medical rescue teammates during the medical support mission of the Shenzhou-12 spacecraft from May 2021 to June 2021 were selected as the research objects.A questionnaire survey was conducted and the data were analyzed.Results During the mission,each teammate had suffered one or more kinds of diseases,mainly manifested in upper respiratory tract infection,dermatosis,systemic muscle soreness,diseases of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology,digestive system diseases and sleep disorders,with incidences of 20.3%,20.3%,18.5%,18.5%,12.9%,and 9.2%,respectively.Training or accidental injuries were mainly manifested as hand trauma,foot friction blisters,recurrence of joint synovitis,joint soft tissue injury,and accidental head injury,with incidences of 31.2%,25%,75%,18.7%,and 6.2%,respectively.The recurrence rate was high in patients who previously suffered synovitis.There was a high possibility of secondary.injury in patients who were suffered joint soft tissue trauma before.Conclusions The incidence of certain diseases is high during the medical rescue support mission in the Gobi Desert.During the mission,the teammates should pay good attention to self-protection at all times,carry out targeted prevention and scientific training,and avoid non-combat attrition.