寿光设施蔬菜施肥及土壤养分现状分析

Analysis of Fertilization and Soil Nutrient Status of Protected Vegetables in Shouguang Area

为研究寿光市设施蔬菜当前施肥状况及存在问题,掌握设施土壤养分水平,科学合理地指导农民施肥,随机选取25个设施蔬菜地块进行了施肥状况调查和土壤养分含量测定。结果显示:寿光市设施蔬菜土壤平均pH为7.4,轻度盐渍化水平,有机质含量中等,土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾均处于高水平;设施蔬菜氮(N)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))、钾(K_(2)O)养分平均投入量分别为20623、9082、15437 kg/hm^(2),表观利用率分别为22.9%、18.2%和39.4%,养分投入量远远高于养分携出量;N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K养分投入比为1∶0.44∶0.75,养分携出比为1∶0.35∶1.29,养分投入比例不合理,磷素施用比例过高,钾素施用比例不足。从不同蔬菜品种来看,丝瓜、黄瓜和番茄养分施用比例相对较合理。建议农户施肥时要充分考虑土壤养分累积情况,并根据不同蔬菜的需肥规律按照比例进行减量施肥。

In order to find out the current fertilization status and existing problems of protected vegetables in Shouguang area,master the soil nutrient level of protected vegetables,and guide farmers to fertilize scientifically and reasonably,this test randomly selected 25 protected vegetable plots to investigate the fertilization status and determine the soil nutrient content.The results were as follows:The average soil pH of greenhouse vegetable in Shouguang area was 7.4,the soil was slightly salinized,the organic matter content was in the middle level,and the soil available N,P and K were all in the high level.Nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5))and potassium(K_(2)O)were 20623 kg/hm^(2),9082 kg/hm^(2),and 15437 kg/hm^(2),respectively,and the apparent utilization rate were 22.9%,18.2%and 39.4%,respectively.The amount of nutrient input was far higher than the amount of nutrient carried out.The nutrient input ratio of N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K was 1∶0.44∶0.75,the nutrient carrying ratio of N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K was 1∶0.35∶1.29,the ratio of N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K was unreasonable,the ratio of phosphorus was too high,and the ratio of potassium was not enough.From the perspective of different vegetable varieties,the proportion of nutrient application of towel gourd,cucumber and tomato was relatively reasonable.Therefore,farmers should consider the accumulation of soil nutrients when applying fertilizer in the future,and apply fertilizer in proportion according to the law of different vegetables.