代际支持对城乡老年人多维贫困影响的比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Effects of Intergenerational Support on the Multidimensional Poverty among the Elderly in Urban and Rural Areas

基于2011—2018年四期中国健康与养老追踪调查数据(CHARLS),测算城乡老年人老有所养、老有所依、老有所安和老有所乐四个维度的贫困指数,使用混合效应Logit模型和倾向值匹配法探究子女支持对城乡老年人多维贫困的影响。研究表明,相比于城镇老年人,农村老年人多维相对贫困的发生率更高。子女经济支持和情感支持均能缓解老年人的多维贫困,但对城乡老年人的缓解程度存在差异,子女经济支持对农村老年人的减贫作用更大,子女情感支持则对城镇老年人的减贫作用更大。在群体异质性方面,子女支持对独居老年人和有女儿的老年人的减贫作用更大。对此,提出减轻城镇家庭负担、促进农村劳动力回流和弘扬孝道文化,以缓解城乡老年人的多维贫困。

Based on the data of the four China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)from 2011 to 2018,the paper calculates the four dimensions of multidimensional poverty index for the elderly in urban and rural areas in terms of social support,child support,safety,and happiness.Then it uses the Mixed effects Logit model and propensity score matching methods to explore the effects of child support on multidimensional poverty of the elderly in urban and rural areas.The results show that the incidence of poverty among rural elderly is higher than that of urban elderly.Both children's financial support and emotional support can alleviate the multidimensional poverty of urban and rural elderly people,but there are differences in the degree of relief.Children's financial support has a greater effect on poverty reduction for rural elderly people,and children's emotional support has a greater effect on poverty reduction for urban elderly people.In terms of group heterogeneity,child support has a greater effect on poverty reduction for the elderly living alone and those with daughters.Therefore,it is proposed to take measures from three aspects:reducing the burden on urban families,promoting the return of rural labor force,and promoting the culture of filial piety,in order to alleviate the multidimensional poverty problem of the elderly in urban and rural areas.