荥阳官庄遗址两周时期制陶原料的来源及加工工艺分析

Analysis of the material sources and processing techniques used for pottery-making during the Western and the Eastern Zhou Dynasties at Guanzhuang site in Xingyang,Henan Province

为探讨官庄遗址两周之际制陶原料的选取与陶泥料加工工艺的差异,本研究以官庄遗址泥料坑出土夹砂陶泥料、泥质陶泥料及泥制陶坯、夹砂陶坯,和遗址所在自然沉积地层中的全新世古土壤、马兰黄土、附近枯河河道河砂为主要研究对象,采用粒度、磁化率、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析方法对样品进行分析实验。研究结果表明:1)官庄制陶原料来自于遗址所处地点的晚更新世、全新世以来的沉积地层,其中夹砂陶泥料和陶坯中的羼合料主要取自于枯河河道中的河砂;2)遗址使用期间,早晚不同时期的陶泥料选取和加工工艺有所不同——早期以马兰黄土或全新世古土壤为原料,经严格的淘洗工序后,选用优势组分为1~11μm的部分添加河砂制备成夹砂陶泥料,粗粒河砂与细粒黏土比例为1∶4;而晚期出现了以全新世古土壤为原料,直接或只经过简单淘洗工序后制备成泥质陶泥料。

In order to explore the differences in raw material selection and processing techniques used for pottery-making during the Western and the Eastern Zhou Dynasties at Guanzhuang site,Xingyang,Henan Province,we studied the materials and blanks of sandy and clay pottery,Holocene paleo-soil,Malan loess,and river sands from Ku River near the site.Samples were analyzed using a particle size analyzer,a magnetic susceptibility meter and an X-ray fluorescence(XRF)spectrometer.The results show that 1)earthenware clay of Guanzhuang pottery came from the sedimentary strata dating to the late Pleistocene and Holocene,where Guanzhuang site is located;admixture of the sandy pottery clay and blanks are mainly river sands taken from the channel of Ku River;2)during the use of the site,techniques for the selection and processing of pottery clay differed from the early to the late periods.In early days,clay from Malan loess or Holocene paleo-soil was elutriated(1~11μm)and then mixed with river sands to make sandy pottery.The proportion of coarse-grained river sand to fine-grained clay is 1∶4;in the later period,Holocene paleo-soil was used as the earthenware clay,and was prepared directly or only after a simple elutriation process.