故宫养心殿藏“寿”字贴落保护研究

Conservation of Tieluo“longevity”in Yang Xin Dian of the Palace Museum

故宫养心殿内纸质文物主要包含贴落与隔扇心,其中贴落集中于正殿、东西暖阁及佛堂一区。在故宫博物院“养心殿研究性保护项目”中,书画修复人员对该区域进行全面调查,并针对佛堂一区保存状态较差的贴落进行修复。“寿”字贴落原存于养心殿佛堂长春书屋,糊贴于丁香花壁布之上,其画心纸为黄色描银龙纹粉蜡笺纸。为了研究其结构和工艺,使用多角度摄影技术观察贴落保存现状;通过显微剖面观察、扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析,结合显微红外光谱扫描技术研究画心纸的显微结构;使用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析仪分析表面黄色染料;并对画心和背纸的纤维显微形貌进行观察。在科技分析基础上,对“寿”字贴落进行保护修复。此研究首次对清代宫廷藏粉蜡笺纸的结构、材料与工艺进行科学分析,为这类加工纸的保护研究提供科学依据。

The interior decoration of Yang Xin Dian(Hall of Mental Cultivation)of the Palace Museum was achieved with a variety of materials,among which are paper-based artworks including Tieluo(wall paper-sticker decoration)and the decorative calligraphy and paintings on the partition doors and windows of the imperial architecture compound.Tieluo are concentrated in the main hall,the east and west pavilions and the Buddha hall.In the project of the conservation of Yang Xin Dian,conservators of Chinese paintings and calligraphy carried out a comprehensive investigation in the area.Tieluo“longevity”was pasted on the wallpaper in the Buddha hall of Yang Xin Dian.The painting paper of the Tieluo is yellow powder-wax paper drawn with silver dragon and cloud patterns.In order to study its structure and techniques,multi-angle photography was used to analyze the status of the Tieluo.The structure of the powder-wax paper was analyzed by cross-sectional observation,scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS),combined with micro-infrared spectroscopic mapping;the yellow dye was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS);the fiber morphology of the backing paper was observed using microscopy.This is the first study of the structures,materials and techniques of the Qing Dynasty powder-wax paper,and provides a scientific basis for the research on the conservation of this kind of processed paper.