《反家庭暴力法》司法适用效果实证观察--基于3,961份裁判文书的整理分析

Empirical Observation on Judicial Application of Anti-Domestic Violence Law--Based on the Collation and Analysis of 3,961 Judgment Documents

2016年《反家庭暴力法》的施行将防治家庭暴力厚植在了法治化的土壤之中。对3,961份裁判文书的实证研究显示,适用《反家庭暴力法》的案件呈现出数量增加迅速、地域分布广泛且有差异、案由种类多样但焦点相对集中等特点。该部法律的司法适用有力地推动了对家庭暴力的预防和制止,切实保障了家庭暴力受害者的人权。然而,该法在司法适用中存在对准家庭暴力主体范围和家庭暴力行为的界定分歧、对人身安全保护令法定签发条件的适用困惑、司法惯性与释法说理欠缺以及受害方举证困难等适用问题。因此,应当明确法律适用标准,实现家庭自治与国家干预间的平衡;保障法律科学适用,为预防与制止家庭暴力保驾护航。同时,在《民法典》时代,《反家庭暴力法》应当做好与《民法典》相关规定的适用衔接,以全面加强人权司法保护。

The implementation of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law in 2016 has planted the prevention and control of domestic violence in the soil of rule of law.An empirical study of 3,961 adjudication documents indicates that cases applying the Anti-Domestic Violence Law show a rapid increase in number,a wide and varied geographical distribution,and a variety of causes of action but a relatively concentrated focus.The judicial application of this law has strongly promoted the prevention and suppression of domestic violence and effectively safeguarded human rights of the victims of domestic violence.However,in the judicial application of the law,there are several problems such as differences in the definitions of the scope of the subject of quasi-domestic violence and domestic violence,confusion in the application of the legal conditions for the issuance of personal safety protection orders,judicial inertia,lack of interpretation and reasoning,difficulties in the proof of the injured party,etc.Therefore,the standards for the application of the law should be clarified to achieve a balance between family autonomy and state intervention,and the scientific application of the law should be guaranteed to prevent and suppress domestic violence further.At the same time,in the era of Civil Code,the application of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law should be well connected with the application of the relevant provisions of the Civil Code in order to comprehensively strengthen the judicial protection of human rights.