摘要
Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)can directly harvest energy via solid-liquid interface contact electrification,making them very suitable for harvesting raindrop energy and as active rainfall sensors.This technology is promising for realizing a fully self-powered system for autonomous rainfall monitoring combined with energy harvesting/sensing.Here,we report a raindrop energy-powered autonomous rainfall monitoring and wireless transmission system(R-RMS),in which a raindrop-TENG(R-TENG)array simultaneously serves as a raindrop energy harvester and rainfall sensor.At a rainfall intensity of 71 mm/min,the R-TENG array can generate an average short-circuit current,open-circuit voltage,and maximum output power of 15 pA,1800 V,and 325 pW,respectively.The collected energy can be adjusted to act as a stable 2.5 V direct-current source for the whole system by a power management circuit.Meanwhile,the R-TENG array acts as a rainfall sensor,in which the output signal can be monitored and the measured data are wirelessly transmitted.Linder a rainfall intensity of 71 mm/min,the R-RMS can be continuously powered and autonomously transmit rainfall data once every 4 min.This work has paved the way for raindrop energy-powered wireless hyetometers,which have exhibited broad prospects in unattended weather monitoring,field surveys,and the Internet of Things.
基金
the support of the National Key R&D Project from the Ministry of Science and Technology(2021YFA1201604)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51922023 and 61874011)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(El EG6804)。
