细胞焦亡对骨稳态的影响及展望

The effect and prospect of pyroptosis on bone homeostasis

人体的骨代谢主要依靠成骨细胞的骨形成作用和破骨细胞的骨吸收作用来达到平衡,在骨代谢的过程中还有其他细胞因子、激素等参与来协助这一过程,如果骨代谢出现失衡,则会出现致残率和致死率逐年上升的骨代谢性疾病骨质疏松症。细胞焦亡作为一种新型的程序性细胞死亡的方式近年来备受关注,其效应蛋白gasdermin D(GSDMD)通过与细胞膜结合形成穿孔效应,导致细胞不断肿胀直至细胞膜破裂,释放大量炎症因子。细胞焦亡的机制不同于传统的凋亡、自噬等其他细胞死亡方式,已有研究表明细胞焦亡在感染性疾病、肾脏疾病、心血管疾病等发挥了重要作用,但是在骨代谢性疾病中鲜有报道。笔者就细胞焦亡对骨稳态的影响进行综述,以利于对骨质疏松的深入研究提供新的思路。

The human bone metabolism mainly relies on the bone formation of osteoblasts and the bone resorption of osteoclasts to achieve a balance.There are other cytokines and hormones involved in the process of bone metabolism to assist this process.If there is an imbalance in the bone metabolism,osteoporosis,a bone metabolic disease,may develop,with which the disability and fatality rate are increasing year by year.As a new type of programmed cell death,pyroptosis has attracted much attention in recent years.Its effector protein gasdermin D(GSDMD)forms a perforation effect by binding to the cell membrane,causing the cells to swell until the cell membrane ruptures and releasing a large number of inflammatory factors.The mechanism of pyroptosis is different from other cell death such as traditional apoptosis and autophagy.Studies have shown that pyroptosis plays an important role in infectious diseases,kidney diseases,cardiovascular diseases,etc.There is few report in bone metabolic diseases.This article reviews the effect of cell pyroptosis on bone homeostasis in order to provide new ideas for in-depth research on osteoporosis.