突发公共卫生事件中武汉青年风险感知的“愤怒效应”——基于社交媒体使用的交互作用的考察

Outrage Effects on the Risk Perception of COVID-19 Moderated by Social Media Use of Wuhan Youth

在风险传播中,风险的某些特征能够引发人们的情感反应,并影响风险感知,这一过程被称为“愤怒效应”。基于2020年中国城市青年社交媒体使用调查数据库,系统探讨了这些风险特征(愤怒因子)以及社交媒体使用对武汉青年在新冠肺炎疫情中风险感知的作用。研究发现:首先,在20个愤怒因子中,仅有5项愤怒因子——灾难的可能、恐惧、个体风险、可控性与不可逆性——显著影响武汉青年的新冠肺炎风险感知。这意味着当武汉青年意识到这一风险难以被控制,风险造成的伤害不可逆转且难以修复,或风险对他们本身直接产生影响,抑或风险会大范围地产生灾难性后果,或使人们愈发感到恐惧时,他们的风险感知会显著增强。其次,社交媒介使用频率越高的人们有着更强的风险感知。然而,在社交媒体与愤怒因子的交互作用下,社交媒体使用频率更高的武汉青年却在公平性与对儿童的影响这两类愤怒因子上获得了更低的风险感知。该研究为进一步还原风险感知的动态路径作出新的尝试。

In risk communication,the characteristics of risk can trigger people’s emotional reaction and affect risk perception,which is called outrage effect.Based on the 2020 Survey of social media use of Chinese city youth,this study explored the effects of these risk characteristics(outrage factors)and social media in the risk perception of Wuhan youth in COVID-19 epidemics.The study found that five outrage factors---catastrophic potentials,dread,personal stake,controllability and reversibility---affected the risk perception significantly.When people realized the risk was difficult to control,that is the damage it caused was irreversible and hard to be repaired,or affected themselves,the risk perception is increasingly significantly.When COVID-19 epidemic was considered to have widespread catastrophic consequences,or when people became increasingly fearful,the risk perception also rose.Meanwhile,the people who use social media more frequently have higher risk perception.In the interaction of social media use and outrage factors,the outrage factors of fairness and effects on children have less impact on the risk perception of Wuhan youth who use social media more often.This research makes a new attempt in constructing a dynamic research approach of risk perception.