我国男子400m个人混合泳运动员分段成绩和体能分配特征研究

The Characteristics of Stage Performance of Outstanding Men's 400m Individual Medley Swimmers in My Country

为了揭示我国男子400m个人混合泳运动员的分段成绩特征与体能分配特征,选取第14届全运会男子400m个人混合泳决赛组的运动员,运用主成分分析、差异性分析、聚类分析法,探讨分段成绩特征和体能分配特征。结果:①按速度快慢依次为第1、8、7、2、4、3、5、6段,第4、8段是全程的2个加速阶段;②第1主成分以X3、X4、X7为代表,第2主成分以X8代表,第3主成分以X1为代表;③不同分段成绩对总成绩具有显著性差异,群集分为3类,总成绩较优秀的运动员采用第1类(均衡且速度较快,呈W型)、3类(前慢后快)体能分配策略,总成绩较差一些的运动员,采用第2类(均衡速度较慢,呈M型)体能分配策略。结论:第1主成分代表途中的速度耐力和途中前、后程的加速能力,第2主成分代表终点冲刺能力,第3主成分代表出发速度控制能力;应重视加强第3、4、7段速度耐力训练、第8段冲刺能力和第1段速度控制能力;对于其体能分配类型,应优先采用第1类和第3类(在仰泳、蛙泳、自由泳阶段发力,控制蝶泳阶段发力),不建议采用第2类(在蝶泳阶段发力)。

In order to reveal the characteristics of section performance and physical strength distribution of Chinese men's 400 m individual medley athletes,the athletes in the final group of men's 400 m individual medleys in the 14th National Games were selected to explore the characteristics of section performance and physical strength distribution by principal component analysis,difference analysis and cluster analysis.Results:①The first,8,7,2,4,3,5,and 6 stages are in order of speed,and the 4th and 8th stages are the two acceleration stages of the whole process;②The first principal component is X3,X4,and X7 is represented,the second main component is represented by X8,and the third central component is represented by X1;③There is a significant difference in the total score between different sub-segments,and the clusters are divided into 3 categories.The athletes with better overall scores use category 1(balanced and fast,W-shaped)and category 3(fast forward and slow)physical strength distribution strategies.Athletes with lower overall results,use the second category(slower equilibrium speed,M-type)physical strength distribution strategy.Conclusion:The first principal component represents the speed endurance on the way and the acceleration ability before and after the journey,the second principal component represents the finish sprint ability,and the third principal component represents the starting speed control ability;attention should be paid to strengthening the speed endurance of the 3rd,4th,and 7th stages Training,8th sprint ability and 1st speed control;It is important to strengthen the speed endurance training of the 3rd,4th and 7th stages,the sprint ability of the 8th stage and the speed control ability of the 1st stage;for its physical strength distribution type,the first category should be preferred And category 3(power in backstroke,breaststroke,freestyle,and control in butterfly),category 2(power in butterfly)is not recommended.