辽宁抚顺西露天矿地质灾害时空分布特征及影响因素分析

Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of geological disasters in the open-pit mining area of western Fushun,Liaoning Province

已有百年开采历史的抚顺西露天矿进入闭坑期,由于资源的开采,导致西露天矿长期受地质灾害的威胁。为了总结西露天矿地质灾害发生规律、保障矿区及近矿城区的生产生活安全,同时为其他同类露天矿的灾害分析、安全防护提供可参考案例,从时间和空间尺度对抚顺西露天矿滑坡、地裂缝的分布规律和影响因素进行研究分析,基于DPSR模型,从驱动力响应、压力响应、状态响应三个方面提出对应的断链减灾和安全防护措施。地质灾害的时空分布特征为:滑坡灾害最早出现于1927年南帮西部,滑坡主要位置由南帮西部区域向西端帮、北帮西部、北帮中部、北帮东部方向发展,近年南帮出现大规模岩质边坡滑移变形,1970—2000年期间,滑坡灾害最为频发,2000年以后滑坡灾害频次减少,且滑坡灾害多发生在5—9月份;北帮附近地裂缝出现于1960年后,上世纪70、80年代加速发育,走向与F_(1)、F_(1A)断层走向基本一致,南帮地裂缝分布在南帮巨大滑移变形体后缘,呈弧扇型分布,于2009年出现,2012年后迅速发展。通过对灾害影响因素分析发现,滑坡与地裂缝存在同源性和互为因果性的链式关系,影响矿区地质灾害发生的主要因素为地质构造和不良工程地质环境控制、采矿活动驱动、降雨及地下水因素的诱发。

Fushun west open-pit mine,which has a history of 100 years of mining,entered the pit-closing period.Due to the exploitation of resources,the west open-pit mine was threatened by geological disasters for a long time.In order to summarize the occurrence regularity of geological disasters in the west open-pit mine,ensure the safety of production and life in the mining area and near-mining city,and provide reference cases for disaster analysis and safety protection of other similar open-pit mines,the distribution law and influencing factors of landslides and ground fissures in west open-pit mine are studied and analyzed from time and space scale,based on the DPSR model,the corresponding measures of chain break disaster reduction and safety protection are put forward from three aspects:driving force response,pressure response and state response.Spatialtemporal distribution characteristics of landslide:in space,it first appeared in the western part of the southern slope in 1927.In recent hundred years,due to the driving influence of open-pit mining and underground mining,the main location of landslide developed from the western part of the southern slope to the western part of the northern slope,the western part of the northern slope,the central part of the northern slope and the eastern part of the northern slope.In recent years,large-scale rock slope sliding deformation occurred in the southern slope.Actually,from 1970 to 2000,landslide disasters occurred most frequently.After 2000,the frequency of landslide disasters decreased,and most of them occurred from May to September.Spatial-temporal distribution of ground fissures:the ground fissures near the north slope appeared after 1960,and accelerated in 1970s and 1980s,with the strike basically consistent with that of F_(1)and F_(1A)faults;the ground fissures in the southern slope are distributed in the rear edge of the huge slip deformation body in the southern slope,which are arc-fan shaped and appeared in 2009 and developed rapidly after 2012.Through the analysis of disaster influencing factors,it is found that there is a chain relationship of homology and mutual causality between landslides and ground fissures,and the main factors affecting the occurrence of geological disasters in mining areas are geological structure and control of unfavorable engineering geological environment,driving of mining activities and inducing of rainfall.