生态环境损害赔偿磋商第三人的角色失调与定位——基于15省份磋商办法与十大典型案例的分析

The Role Imbalance and Positioning of the Third Party in the Negotiation of Ecological Environment Damage Compensation—Based on the Analysis of the Negotiation Methods of 15 Provinces and 10 Typical Cases

要发挥生态环境损害公私法协同治理的效应,在公法救济上需要明确第三人在磋商中的定位。从15省份磋商办法以及十大典型案例看,磋商第三人存在着法律性质不明、参与方式失灵、参与效力不足三方面问题。在法治化轨道路径上,可以将磋商第三人类型分为技术专家、其他机关、利益相关者,其法律性质应分别确定为“智囊团”、协助者或监督者、监督者。参与方式上应将技术专家和利益相关者规定为应当参与人、其他机关规定为可以参与人,以此细化参与方式和参与环节。参与效力上应在区别三者功能和作用的基础上,分别规定其意见表达对于磋商结果的约束力。

In order to give full play to the effect of collaborative governance of Public Law and Private Law of ecological environment damage,it is necessary to clarify the positioning of the third party in the negotiation in terms of Public Law relief.From the perspective of the negotiation methods of the 15 provinces and the 10 typical casas,there are 3 problems of the third party in the negotiation:unclear legal nature,failure of participation mode,and insufficient effectiveness of participation.On the track of legalization,the third party of consultation can be classified into technical experts,other organs and stakeholder.And its nature should be determined as“think tank”,helper and supervisor respectively.In terms of participation methods,technical experts and stakeholders should be specified as participants and other organs as possible participants,so as to refine the participation methods and links.On the basis of distinguishing the functions and roles of the above three parties,the effectiveness of participation should specify the binding force of their opinions on the consultation results.