3种复种模式下秸秆还田对机插杂交籼稻产量形成及品质的影响

Effects of Straw Returning on Yield Formation and Quality of Machine Transplanted Hybrid Indica Rice under Three Multiple Cropping Patterns

【目的】探讨稻田不同复种轮作模式下旱茬作物秸秆还田对机插杂交籼稻产量及品质的影响,可为多元化复种轮作模式下机插稻优质丰产高效生产提供理论和实践依据。【方法】以杂交籼稻‘宜香优2115’和‘晶两优534’为试材,研究麦-稻(T_(2))、油-稻(T_(2))、菜-稻(T_(2))复种轮作下前茬作物秸秆还田对不同机插杂交籼稻品种产量及米质的影响。【结果】3种复种轮作模式下秸秆还田、品种对有效穗数、产量、垩白粒率、垩白度、崩解值、消减值等产量及米质指标均存在显著或极显著影响。相对T_(2)、T_(2)模式,T_(2)模式下稻谷产量分别增加16.26%-18.87%、10.83%-13.60%,垩白粒率分别降低17.77%-26.03%、9.33%-35.26%,垩白度分别降低26.07%-30.73%、11.55%-56.88%,崩解值分别提高3.13%-7.52%、10.35%-11.23%,消减值分别降低9.64%-9.84%、23.48%-24.74%。3种复种轮作模式下,机插晶两优534稻谷产量比宜香优2115显著提高2.57%-27.82%,成穗率显著提高0.12%-11.17%,垩白粒率、垩白度分别显著降低37.95%-77.43%、34.25%-80.80%;崩解值显著降低15.31%-28.79%,消减值显著提高48.30%-65.30%;但机插宜香优2115食味品质外观、口感、食味值分别比晶两优534不同程度的提高1.16%-11.64%、1.73%-9.40%和0.78%-4.74%。T_(2)模式与机插晶两优534相配套最优,能显著提高有效穗数及总颖花数,促进成熟期干物质积累,提高叶片与茎鞘的物质转运量和转运率,降低垩白粒率、垩白度,是提高晶两优534产量改善外观品质的主要原因;且此模式下机插宜香优2115能显著提高峰值黏度、崩解值、口感和食味值,显著降低消减值,从而大幅改善稻米食味品质。【结论】相对菜-稻、麦-稻模式,油-稻模式均有利于提高不同机插杂交籼稻品种有效穗数,促进成熟期干物质积累,降低垩白粒率和垩白度,从而进一步提高产量,改善稻米外观品质;不同的机插品种特征特性差异显著,就机插稻谷产量而言推荐晶两优534,而机插食味品质宜选用宜香优2115。

【Objective】This paper intends to explore the effects of the straw returning of dry stubble crops on the yield and quality of machine transplanted hybrid indica rice under different multiple cropping rotation patterns in paddy field,which can provide a theoretical and practical basis for high-quality,highyield,and efficient production of machine transplanted rice under diversified multiple cropping rotation patterns.【Method】Using hybrid indica rice Yixiangyou 2115 and Jingliangyou 534 as experimental materials to study the effects of the straw returning of the previous crops under wheat-rice(T;),oilseed raperice(T;),and vegetable-rice(T;)multiple cropping rotation patterns on the yield and rice quality of different machine transplanted hybrid indica rice varieties. 【Result】Different straw returning under three multiple cropping rotation patterns,varieties had significant or extremely significant effects on yield and rice quality indicators such as the effective panicles,yield,chalky grain rate,chalkiness,breakdown viscosity,setback viscosity. Compared with T;and T;modes,the grain yield under T;mode increased by 16.26%-18.87%,10.83%-13.60%,chalky grain rate decreased by 17.77%-26.03%,9.33%-35.26%,chalkiness decreased by 26.07%-30.73%,11.55%-56.88%,the breakdown viscosity increased by3.13%-7.52%,10.35%-11.23%,and the setback viscosity decreased by 9.64%-9.84%,23.48%-24.74%,respectively. Under the three multiple cropping rotation patterns,compared with Yixiangyou2115,the grain yield of machine transplanted Jingliangyou 534 was significantly increased by 2.57%~27.82%,the rate of productive tillers were significantly increased by 0.12%-11.17%,the breakdown viscosity significantly decreased by 15.31%-28.79%,the setback viscosity significantly increased by48.30%-65.30%,the chalky grain rate and chalkiness were significantly reduced by 37.95%-77.43%and 34.25%-80.80%,respectively. However,the appearance,taste,and food value of machine transplanted Yixiangyou 2115 was 1.16%-11.64%,1.73%-9.40% and 0.78%-4.74% higher than those of Jingliangyou 534. T;mode is the best combination with machine transplanted Jingliangyou 534,which can significantly increase the number of effective panicles and total spikelets,promote the accumulation of dry matter at maturity,improve the amount and rate of material transport from leaves,stems,and sheaths to panicles,and reduce the chalky grain rate and chalkiness. It is the main reason for the yield and appearance quality improvement of Jingliangyou 534. Furthermore,in this mode,Yixiangyou 2115 can significantly improve the peak viscosity,the breakdown viscosity,taste,and food value,and significantly reduce the setback viscosity,so as to greatly improve the taste quality of rice.【Conclusion】Compared with the wheat-rice,vegetable-rice,the oilseed rape-rice model is conducive to increasing the number of effective panicles of different hybrid indica rice varieties,promoting the accumulation of dry matter at maturity,reducing the chalky grain rate and chalkiness,so as to further improve the yield and improve the appearance quality of rice. There are significant differences in the characteristics of different machine transplanted varieties. In terms of grain yield,the machine transplanted Jingliangyou 534 is recommended,and in terms of taste quality,the machine transplanted Yixiangyou 2115 is recommended.