基于数据挖掘的补骨脂药用源流及其配伍用药特点分析

Exploration of Medicinal History and Application Characteristics of Psoraleae Fructus Based on Data Mining

目的:对历代本草及古今方剂中有关补骨脂的药性、功效记述及其组方配伍用药特点进行系统的梳理分析,以期深入探究其临床用药规律。方法:借助南京中医药大学方剂文献数据库,收集历代本草及古今方剂中补骨脂的论述,采用频数统计分析、Apriori算法对补骨脂方剂进行分析处理、关联规则等数据挖掘。结果:补骨脂为古波斯国外来药材,后引种于我国并归化为传统中药;补骨脂药用始载于《雷公炮炙论》,言其“性本大燥、毒”,后世本草多提示补骨脂性燥,需经炒、盐炙或酒炙等炮制后使用;历代本草对其药性记载相似,为辛、苦、温,功效为温肾助阳,纳气平喘,温脾止泻。同时提示,补骨脂恶甘草,忌铁、芸苔及诸血;阴虚火旺、湿热等患者不宜使用等。经数据挖掘发现补骨脂常与当归、杜仲等补虚药组方,以提高补益气血之功效;与肉桂、附子、小茴香等温里药配伍,以增强温补肾阳的功用;与胡桃肉配伍,得以水火相济,以图延年益气,补添筋骨之目的。结论:基于上述古今知识挖掘分析,阐明了补骨脂的产地出处、饮片炮制、合理伍用、禁忌警示等,为中药补骨脂的临床合理用药提供了有益的借鉴和指引。

Objective:To systematically analyzed the medicinal properties,efficacies,and compatibility characteristics of Psoraleae Fructus(PF)from classical traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)books and ancient and modern prescriptions and explore the clinical medication regularity of PF.Methods:The records of PF in ancient and modern prescriptions were collected from the database of the Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine.The frequency statistical analysis and Apriori algorithm were used to analyze the PF-containing prescriptions,and data mining such as association rule was carried out.Results:PF was an adventive medicinal material from ancient Persia,and was later introduced into China and naturalized as Chinese medicine.The medicinal use of PF was first recorded in Master Lei′s Discourse on Medicinal Processing that“it is dry and toxic in nature”.PF was suggested to be processed by stir-frying,salt frying,and wine frying due to its severe dryness.The medicinal properties of PF were similar in records in past dynasties.It was pungent,bitter,and warm in nature,with the effects of warming the kidney,promoting yang,soothing qi,relieving asthma,warming the spleen,and checking diarrhea.PF should not be used with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,iron,Brassica campestris,and blood,and the patients with yin deficiency,excess of fire,dampness,and heat should avoid using it.As revealed by data mining,PF was often used in combination with deficiency-tonifying drugs including Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Eucommiae Cortex for replenishing qi and blood,with interior-warming drugs,such as Cinnamomi Cortex,Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata,and Foeniculi Fructus for warming the kidney and tonifying yang,and with Juglandis Semen for prolonging life,tonifying qi,and replenishing muscles and bones.Conclusion:Based on the data mining and analysis,this study expounded on the origin of PF,processing methods,reasonable compatibility,contraindication,etc.,which is expected to provide a scientific reference for the clinical rational medication of PF and innovation of modern Chinese medicine.