钛及钛合金钎焊研究进展

Research Progress in Brazing of Titanium and Titanium Alloys

钛合金具有优异的综合性能,广泛应用在空天和海洋等领域,钎焊技术是钛合金部件的关键连接方法,但存在诸多难题,解决钛合金高可靠钎焊连接具有重要的科学和工程意义。从钛的物理和化学性质出发,分析其钎焊特性,介绍钛合金的常用钎焊方法,阐述了国内外钛合金用钎料的研究进展,并描述了几类典型的钛-异种金属钎焊接头的组织和力学性能特征,讨论了工艺参数对接头强韧化的作用机制;并针对钛及钛合金钎焊时存在低溶蚀高强韧钎料缺失、钎焊设备生产效率受限、充分扩散溶蚀—强韧化矛盾和接头残余应力模拟困难等难点,提出了系统研究钎料组元与成形能力的关系、开发多热源耦合作用真空钎焊设备、探明脆性化合物生成机制与控制措施和计算材料学与CAE仿真协同预测接头性能的基本思路。

With excellent comprehensive properties,titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace,marine and other fields.Brazing technology is the key connection method of titanium alloy components,but there are many problems.It is of great scientific and engineering significance to solve the high reliable brazing connection of titanium alloy.Starting from the physical and chemical properties of titanium,the brazing characteristics is analyzed,the common brazing methods of titanium alloys is introduced,the research progress of brazing filler metals for titanium alloys at home and abroad is expound,the microstructure and mechanical properties of several typical titanium-dissimilar metal brazed joints are described,and the action mechanism of process parameters on the toughening of joints are discussed.For the difficulties in titanium and titanium alloy brazing,such as the absence of low corrosion and high strength and toughness brazing filler metals,the limited production efficiency of brazing equipment,the contradiction between full diffusion corrosion and toughening,and the difficulty in simulating joint residual stress,etc.,the basic ideas of systematically studying the relationship between filler metal elements and forming ability,developing vacuum brazing equipment with multi-heat source coupling,exploring formation mechanism and control measures of brittle compounds,and predicting the joint performance by computational materials science and CAE simulation are put forward.