老挝南乌河流域山洪灾害防御模式研究

Study on prevention mode of mountain torrent disaster in Nam Ou River Basin, Laos

老挝南乌河流域近80%的面积为高原高山地区,年降雨量丰富,流域内山洪灾害频发,由于当地山洪灾害防御体系不健全,山洪灾害常造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失,因此构建老挝南乌河流域山洪灾害防御模式十分必要。对老挝南乌河流域山洪灾害易发程度进行了分区并分析了其成因,采用FFPI、CN等图层算法计算得到南乌河流域山洪灾害危险度分布情况,基于水雨情监测设备、山洪灾害预警系统等非工程措施,提出了老挝南乌河流域山洪灾害防御模式。结果表明:南乌河流域山洪灾害中高易发区面积占流域总面积的54.3%,且流域北部的丰沙里省山洪易发情况最为严峻;山洪灾害危险度分布由西北向东南方向逐渐降低。研究成果可为老挝山洪灾害监测预警技术及防治体系构建提供科技支撑。

Nearly 80% area of the Nam Ou River Basin in Laos is plateau and high mountains, where the annual rainfall is abundant and mountain torrent disasters occur frequently.Due to the imperfect prevention system of mountain torrent disasters in Laos, mountain torrent disasters often cause heavy casualties and property losses.It is necessary to preliminarily establish a mountain torrent disasters prevention mode in Nam Ou River Basin, Laos.In this paper, the division of vulnerability zones and reasons of mountain torrent disasters in Nam Ou River Basin were analyzed.The graphic layer algorithms of FFPI and CN were used to analyze the risk distribution of mountain torrent disasters.The prevention mode of mountain torrent disasters in the Nam Ou River Basin was proposed according to the non-engineering measures such as the water and rain monitoring equipment and the early-warning system of mountain torrent disasters.The results showed that the area of medium-high vulnerability area accounted for 54.3% of the total area in the Nam Ou River Basin, especially the Ph8 ngsali Province in the northern area had the most severe vulnerability.The risk distribution of mountain torrent disasters gradually decreased from northwest to southeast.The research results can provide scientific and technical support for the construction of mountain torrent disasters monitoring, pre-warning, and prevention systems in Laos.