新疆山洪灾害防治进展与展望

Progress and prospect of mountain torrent disaster prevention and control in Xinjiang

独特的自然地理、水文气象和社会经济特征,导致新疆维吾尔自治区山洪灾害具有频率高、突发性强、危害大、防治难度大等特点,对山洪灾害防治体系建设造成很大挑战。自2010年以来,新疆开展了山洪灾害调查评价、监测预警体系建设、监测预警平台建设与升级改造、山洪沟防洪治理等工作,在山洪灾害预报预警方面发挥了显著效益,但仍存在致灾机理不明、监测站网密度不够、监测设施易损毁等问题。针对上述问题,从新疆山洪类型划分和致灾机理研究、复杂山区山洪灾害监测技术和山洪灾害预警服务能力提升3个方面,对新疆山洪灾害防治工作进行了展望。

Unique natural geography,hydrometeorology and socio-economic characteristics cause mountain torrents in Xinjiang to have the characteristics of high frequency,strong paroxysm,great harm and great difficulty in prevention and control,which poses a great challenge to the construction of mountain torrents prevention and control system.Since2010,Xinjiang has carried out mountain flood disaster investigation and evaluation,construction of monitoring and early warning system,construction and upgrading of monitoring and early warning platform,and management of mountain flood gully,which has played a significant role in mountain flood disaster prediction and early warning.However,there are still some problems,such as unknown disaster mechanism,insufficient density of monitoring station network,easy damage of monitoring facilities and so on.In view of the above problems,the prevention and control of mountain torrents in Xinjiang are prospected from three aspects:the classification of mountain torrents in Xinjiang and the study of disaster causing mechanism,the monitoring technology of mountain torrents in complex mountain areas and the improvement of mountain torrents early warning service capacity in Xinjiang.