不同氮肥减施对菜田氨挥发影响的初步研究

Preliminary study on ammonia volatilization from vegetable plot by different nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatments

以青菜‘五月慢’为试材,研究不同氮肥减施对菜田氨挥发的影响。结果表明:减氮处理下,青菜株高、叶绿素SPAD值、单株鲜重和产量与常规施肥均无极显著差异。T2、T4处理株高显著低于T1、T7和T8处理。T1叶绿素SPAD值显著高于T3—T8处理,T2—T8处理间无显著性差异。T1处理鲜重显著高于T2、T4、T7、T8处理。T4、T7产量显著低于T1、T5处理,但各处理间无极显著性差异。各减肥处理(T2—T8)的氨挥发通量与氨挥发损失率均极显著低于常规处理(T1),T3处理最低。建议实施氨减排技术时,首先考虑施用缓释肥,其次为水肥一体化、有机无机复混肥和蚯蚓养殖。

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer reduction on ammonia volatilization from vegetable fields.A local pakchoi variety‘Wuyueman’was employed in present study.The results showed that there were no significant differences in plant height,chlorophyll SPAD,weight and yield among different nitrogen reduction treatments and conventional fertilization treatment.The plant height of T2 and T4 was significantly lower than that of T1,T7 and T8.The value of chlorophyll SPAD of T1 was significantly higher than that in T3-T8 treatment,and there was no significant difference among T2-T8.The plant weight of T1 treatment was significantly higher than that of T2,T4,T7 and T8.The yields of T4 and T7 were significantly lower than T1 and T5,but there was no significant difference among the treatments.The ammonia volatilization flux and ammonia volatilization-induced N loss rate of each fertilizer reduction treatment(T2-T8)were significantly lower than those of conventional treatment(T1)(P<0.01),and those values of T3 were the lowest.It suggested that the application of slow-release fertilizer can be considered as the most effective method on ammonia volatilization control,followed by water and fertilizer integration,organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and earthworm breeding technology.